Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 45 for “"fitness consequences"”.
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Qualitative and Quantitative Fitness Consequences of Advanced Maternal Age
<p>Parental age can affect offspring fitness across taxa and through various mechanisms. However, the effect(s) of advanced maternal age on offspring, particularly in insects, has not been comprehensively reviewed making it difficult to draw conclusions about the effects of advanced maternal age on …
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Fitness Consequences of Clutch Size Decisions and Mate Change in Black Brant
… a partner could substantially affect lifetime fitness. I studied the fitness consequences of reproductive effort (Chapter 2) and mate change (Chapters 3-5) in black brant geese (Branta bernicla nigricans, hereafter brant), an Arctic nesting goose species with precocial young. I used a 25 year …
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The gut microbiome of the wild great tit (Parus major): drivers and fitness consequences
… have shown gut microbes increase host health and fitness by providing digestive and immune functions, as well as aiding development. Natural variation in the microbiome is widely believed to affect host fitness in the wild but we are lacking experimental studies to test this. The microbiome varies …
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Impacts of shared pollinators and community composition on plant-pollinator interactions and their fitness consequences
… species. My dissertation explores some of the consequences of this reliance on shared pollinators on the structure of plant-pollinator interaction networks, the foraging decisions of pollinators, and the fitness outcomes of plant species. Through several comprehensive field studies, I …
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Drivers and Fitness Consequences of Dispersal and Structure in Wild Sockeye Salmon Populations (Oncorhynchus nerka)
… within and between subpopulations can reduce fitness losses due to inbreeding depression, influence rates of adaptation, and facilitate colonization or recolonization of newly available habitat. However, an understudied aspect of metapopulation biology is the influence of biotic and abiotic …
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Evolutionary impacts of assisted gene flow: Fitness consequences of hybridization along a geo-climatic gradient in an annual prairie legume
… to investigate the immediate and longer-term consequences of assisted gene flow in the Minnesota tallgrass prairie. In Chapter 1, I found that local gene flow increased population fitness compared to long distance or no gene flow scenarios in both ambient and warmed conditions and that the …
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Birth order as a source of diversification in spring phenology and its potential effects on performance in greater duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza
… the following spring may also have profound fitness consequences due to the risk of the thaw and re-freezing of the water's surface. I therefore hypothesize that variance in turion reactivation phenology within clones is influenced by birth order of turions. This was tested through a …
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Using Light-Level Geolocation to Investigate the Carry-Over Effects of Long-Distance Migration on the Reproductive Success of Dunlin (Calidris Alpina Hudsonia)
… can have lasting effects on individual fitness in subsequent seasons. These carry-over effects are difficult to study in migratory species because of the geographical separation between breeding and non-breeding sites. I used light-level geolocation to examine, for the first time, how …
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Elucidating the neural circuitry underlying social spacing in Drosophila melanogaster through the lens of neuroligin 3
… social behaviours may result in negative fitness consequences for both the individual displaying them, and the entire group. To understand the neural basis of complex social behaviour, we can study simpler behaviours that precede and mediate them. Social spacing, the typical distance …
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Effects of Trout Introduction on Community Assemblage and Behavior of Native Fish in the Missouri Ozarks
… species in trout streams could have long-term fitness consequences for these species.
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Breeding System, Heterozygosity, and Seed Germination in a Population of Missouri Bladder-Pod, Lesquerella Filiformis Rollins
… estimate the breeding system and to examine the fitness consequences of heterozygosity. Both multilocus and single-locus estimates of the outcrossing rate (tm=1.000, ts=0.996) indicate a primarily outcrossing species. Among viable seeds, the smaller seeds were more prone to germinate. However, …
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Mechanism and specificity of bacterial two-component signaling systems
… systems in vivo, and permit us to examine the fitness consequences of this altered specificity, providing insight into the evolutionary pressures on TCS systems.
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Assessing the disparities in COVID-19 outcomes among different socioeconomic and demographic groups and implications for public health policy.
… healthcare, exposure to the virus, and typical fitness outcomes. This research ambitions to research these disparities, specializing in decrease-income households and the white ethnic institution, to apprehend how the intersection of socioeconomic repute and ethnicity impacts health …
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Phenotypic Consequences of Gestation Temperature in the Northern Watersnake, Nerodia Sipedon
… temperature and are likely to have important fitness consequences. I explored the influence of gestation temperature on offspring phenotypes produced by gravid Northern Watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon) maintained at constant temperatures of 23, 26, and 29°;C. Swimming speed, defensive strikes, …
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Effects of Temperature on Foraging, Endurance, and Sprint Speed in Agkistrodon Piscivorus and Nerodia Sipedon
… functions that may ultimately have important fitness consequences. Studies on the thermal sensitivity of performance in reptiles are useful in understanding how the thermal environment affects ecological function. I examined the effects of temperature on foraging success and locomotion in two …
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Ecological genetics of inbreeding, outbreeding and immunocompetence in Ranid frogs
… frogs from different populations to evaluate fitness consequences for the offspring from an inbreeding-outbreeding perspective, and to evaluate quantitative genetic effects on immunocompetence against a fungal pathogen (Saprolegnia). Crosses between closely situated populations of different …
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Behavioural causes and consequences of sexual size dimorphism in an apex predator species.
… or sex, is equally considered to have important fitness consequences. Our understanding of behavioural causes of size dimorphism remains weak, and few studies have investigated the relationship between individual behavioural consistency and growth variations in size dimorphic populations. The …
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Evidence for Local Adaptation in Birds
… (2) local variants of traits must provide a fitness advantage (increased survival or reproductive success) within the local environment, and (3) local variants of traits must be heritable. In chapter two, we review evidence for local adaptation in birds. Geographic variation among populations …
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Local adaptation to parasites and selection on major histocompatibility genes in ecologically divergent populations of three-spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
… parasites and pathogens with potentially harmful fitness consequences. Populations are therefore expected to evolve resistance, possibly at a cost of less resistance to parasites rarely encountered parasites. This trade-off in resistance should generate local adaptation to parasites in different …
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A Role For Parasites in the Behavior of the Ozark Zigzag Salamander (Plethodon Angusticlavius)
Parasites can influence traits related to the fitness of the host, including host behavior. I studied the behavior of the Ozark zigzag salamander (Plethodon angusticlavius), that was naturally infected with the larval stage of an ectoparasitic mite (Hannemania eltoni) to determine if parasitism was …
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