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Showing 1 to 20 of 51 for “"emphysema"”.
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Measuring the Effects of Air Pollution among Persons with Severe Emphysema: The National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT)
Background: Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that affects approximately 5 million people in the US. For subjects with severe emphysema, few effective treatment options exist; however, the recent adoption of lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) is considered as a promising …
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Smoking and High-Fat Diet: Risk Factors Regulating Emphysema Formation
Emphysema is a complex pathology characterized by the progressive enlargement of airspaces and the destruction of alveolar walls. Multiple environmental and genetic risk factors influence the initiation and progression of this disease. Cigarette smoke has been known for a long time to be the major …
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Unsupervised discovery of emphysema subtypes in a large clinical cohort
Emphysema is one of the hallmarks of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), a devastating lung disease often caused by smoking. Emphysema appears on Computed Tomography (CT) scans as a variety of textures that correlate with the disease subtypes. It has been shown that the disease subtypes …
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The Role of Ambient Air Pollution in the Occurrence of Emphysema
<p>Emphysema is the most common cause of death from respiratory disease in the United States. Emphysema is most common among people aged 50 and older. Those with a genetic predisposition to emphysema may experience the onset as early as their thirties or forties. Men are more likely than women to …
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Effects of emphysema and chronic hypoxemia on skeletal muscle oxygen supply and demand
… objective was to validate elastase-induced emphysema in rats as an animal model of skeletal muscle dysfunction in COPD.Arterial blood gases were used to determine the severity of hypoxemia and sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to determine the proportions of …
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Emphysema Quantification using Low Dose Chest CT : Efficacy of Follow up Examinations in Asymptomatic Smokers
… of chest are commonly used for the diagnosis of emphysema. It is important to diagnose emphysema. However, it is more important to evaluate the degree of extent and progression of emphysema, because they are related to the choice of treatment between convervative and surgical treatment. Most of …
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NOVEL CINNAMIC ACID-BASED DEHYDROPOLYMERS FOR EMPHYSEMA: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ASSESSMENT OF THEIR ACTIVITIES
<p>Pulmonary emphysema is a serious worldwide illness, causing progressive and irreversible alveolar wall loss and difficulty in breathing. It is caused mostly by cigarette smoking. However, its unresolved complex and multiple pathogenic mechanisms have left this disease without effective …
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Hyperpolarized 3He-diffusion MRI in evaluation of lung structure in emphysema. Validation and development of the method
… to detect and quantify parenchyma destruction in emphysema, the main manifestation of COPD. Study I investigated the short-term reproducibility of the method and the volume of gas required to obtain suitable results in normal volunteers and patients with COPD. The mean ADC measurement was highly …
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Sex and gender in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
… hypothesized that male smokers would have more emphysema whereas female smokers would have more airway wall remodeling using data from high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans. We did detect more emphysema in male smokers but there was no evidence of increased airway remodeling in women. …
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An investigation into the role of Pellino2 in lung inflammation
… is an important component in the development of emphysema and COPD, for which there is no known cure. In an effort to understand the mechanisms leading to the development of emphysema, wild type and Pellino2- deficient mice were subjected to experimental models of lung injury. The studies suggest …
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The role of ceramides in cigarette smoke-induced alveolar cell death
The complex pathogenesis of emphysema involves disappearance of alveolar structures, in part attributed to alveolar cell apoptosis. The mechanism by which cigarette smoke (CS) induces alveolar cell apoptosis is not known. We hypothesized that ceramides are induced by CS via specific enzymatic …
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Exacerbations, health status and sibling pair comparisons in severe Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
… a risk factor for the development of early-onset emphysema and airflow obstruction. The current work defines exacerbations, lung function and health status in these patients including sibling pairs. Exacerbations occur commonly in AATD and are associated with worse health status. Exacerbations …
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Mechanisms of HIV-Nef Induced Endothelial Cell Stress: Implications of HIV-Nef Protein Persistence in Aviremic HIV Patients
… artery disease, pulmonary hypertension and emphysema remain a major issue in the HIVinfected population even in the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The continued production of HIV encoded pro-apoptotic protein, such as Nef in latently HIV-infected cells is a possible mechanism for …
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Factors influencing pneumothorax rates of transthoracic CT-guided lung biopsies in a Tertiary centre in Cape Town, South Africa
… smaller needle gauge (p=0.012) and perilesional emphysema (p=0.011). Patient age, sex, position, lesion location and level of experience of the performing radiologist had no significant influence on the pneumothorax rate. Conclusion: Our post-procedure pneumothorax rate is within the acceptable …
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Mediating factors in the relationship between sociodemographic factors and Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases (CLRD) among adult ACBS respondents in the United States
… pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis and emphysema are preventable diseases that constitute a serious public health concern. Estimates indicate that there is an increased prevalence of mortality from these diseases worldwide. Low socio-economic positions (SEP) and poor indoor environmental …
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Tuberculosis-associated obstructive pulmonary disease: a clinical, radiological and pathophysiological study of the contribution of previous pulmonary tuberculosis in a community-based study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
… and reduced lung elastic recoil from coexistent emphysema. The present study investigated the structure and function of the lung in subjects with tuberculosis-associated obstructive pulmonary disease (TOPD) identified in BOLD 2005, and aspects of its natural history and response to treatment. It …
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Does maternal nicotine exposure during gestation and lactation change the oxidant-antioxidant status of the lungs of the offsprings and is tomato juice protecting the lungs of the offsprings?
… sacs in one bigger alveoli which is a sign of emphysema. Many researchers speculated that the way in which, nicotine causes emphysema and other damage, is by inducing the formation of many reactive oxygen species (ROS), and creating an imbalance between the oxidants and the antioxidants of the …
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Role of Nudt21 Mediated Alternative Polyadenylation and Hyaluronan In The Development of Pulmonary Hypertension
… with IPF and combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. I also identify 4-methylumbelliferone as an inhibitor of PH in this mechanism. These studies provide new mechanisms for understanding the development of PH and potential therapeutic targets.</p>
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Interstitial lung disease (ILD) in adult patients with autoimmune connective tissue disease (CTD) at Groote Schuur Hospital
… age was 55 (46-66). Over one-third were smokers, emphysema was diagnosed in 22.6%, and one-third had previous pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) infection. Smoking, emphysema, and previous PTB were higher in RA group but the difference was not statistically significant. All SSc patients and more than …
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