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Showing 1 to 20 of 82 for “"dynein"”.
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Chemical Biology of Dynein
<p>Cytoplasmic dynein is a AAA (ATPase Associated with various Activities) motor protein that transports cellular cargoes towards the microtubule minus-end. Despite its essential role in intracellular transport, dynein remains the least understood cytoskeletal motor. With speeds >25 μm/min in …
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Chemical Approaches to Dynein Inhibition
… filaments of actin and tubulin within cells. Dyneins are the primary enzymes that drive motion toward the stable "minus ends" of tubulin-containing filaments known as microtubules. This protein family is divided into two sub-families. Axonemal dyneins drive flagellar beating while cytoplasmic …
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Investigating dynein-based transport of intracellular pathogens
Cytoplasmic dynein is a major microtubule-based motor which powers the long-distance transport of organelles, vesicles and other cytoplasmic contents from the cell periphery towards the centre. While dynein typically moves cellular cargoes, it can also be hijacked by pathogens that rely on …
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The structure of the cytoplasmic dynein tail
Cytoplasmic dynein is a molecular motor that moves cargos along microtubules. Dynein, together with its large co-factor dynactin, is responsible for the vast majority of traffic towards the centre of the cell. The largest subunit of the dynein complex is called the dynein heavy chain (DHC). The DHC …
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Cargo Specific Regulation Of Cytoplasmic Dynein By Effector Proteins
… completely by the molecular motor, cytoplasmic dynein. Yet, it remains unclear how dynein is spatially and temporally regulated given the variety of cargo that must be properly localized to maintain cellular function. Previous work has suggested that adaptor proteins provide a mechanism for …
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Visualisation of dynein complexes in vitro and inside cells
… cargo over long distances. In axons, cytoplasmic dynein-1 (dynein) is the microtubule motor which carries cargo back towards the cell body. Dynein cargo include endolysosomal vesicles, autophagosomes and mitochondria. Dynein is activated by binding to a co-factor called dynactin. How dynactin …
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Mechanisms of dynein-based mRNA transport processes in human cells
… the major minus-end-directed microtubule motor, dynein, traffics mRNAs in human cells. A co-immunoprecipitation-based proteomics approach was first employed to identify candidate adaptors between dynein and mRNA in HeLa cells. Analysis of the interactomes of dynein and its co-factor BICD2 …
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Lis1 and Ndel1 Regulate Dynein-Mediated Organelle Transport In Adult Neurons
… both bind to the motor protein cytoplasmic dynein (2). This microtubule-based motor is best known for its role in retrograde axonal transport (3), but also clearly functions with Lis1 and Ndel1 to control distinct developmental processes. If embryonic defects are solely responsible for the …
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Novel Regulatory Mechanisms of Cytoplasmic Dynein: A Role for the Complex Base
Cytoplasmic dynein is unique among cellular motors not only in its size and complexity but also its diversity of functions. It is essential for many mitotic and interphase transport processes and its misregulation or malfunction results in devastating neurological disorders. Over 20 years of …
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Distinct Roles for Dynein Regulatory Proteins NudE and NudEL in Brain Development
… events includes molecular motor proteins such as dynein. Regulation of dynein activity is particularly important, since it is the major microtubule minus-end directed motor in cells. Dynein is a large, complex structure comprising several subunits and binding partners. Its function is critical for …
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Genetic analysis of dynein function in the nervous system and in mitosis
Cytoplasmic dynein-1 is an essential microtubule-based molecular motor. Aided by several adaptors and co-factors, dynein orchestrates retrograde transport of diverse cargoes in interphase cells and plays multiple roles in mitosis. The importance of this motor is underlined by the fact that …
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Joint Functions of METT-10 and Dynein in the Caenorhabditis elegans Germ Line
… the METT-10 putative methyltransferase and the dynein motor complex in regulating the balance between germ cell proliferation and differentiation. I demonstrate that Dynein Light Chain-1: DLC-1), and its partner, Dynein Heavy Chain-1, inhibit the proliferative cell fate, in part through …
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Identification of a Novel Link between the Motor Proteins Dynein and Kinesin-1
The motor proteins dynein and kinesin are fascinating biological machines which, like vehicles in a city, move various cellular cargoes along cytoskeletal microtubules (MT). In filamentous fungi, these motors are important for the hyphal growth, which is characterized by localized extension at the …
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An Examination Of The Cytoplasmic Dynein Stepping Mechanism At The Single Molecule Level
… of the cellular transport motor, cytoplasmic dynein. Cytoplasmic dynein walks along microtubules toward the minus end and is responsible for a wide range of cellular functions including cargo transport and chromosome alignment during cell division. This work employs a position and rotational …
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Investigating the role of R2TP-like co-chaperone complexes during axonemal dynein assembly
… is facilitated by structures called axonemal dynein motor complexes. These are large, multi-subunit structures, and so it is crucial that they are assembled correctly. In humans, if the motility of these is defective, it can lead to a disorder called Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia, or PCD. This is …
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Mutational and functional analyses of the dynein heavy chain indicate the existence of an apical-sistal transport cycle in cells
… microtubule based molecular motors cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin. Dynein carries out the inward transport of cargos whereas kinesins are responsible for the outward movement. Although intracellular transport is necessary for the function of all cells, polarized cells in particular have specific …
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Structural studies of dynein’s interaction with microtubules and herpesvirus
The dynein family is a group of minus-end directed microtubule motor proteins vital for long- range cytoplasmic cargo transport and ciliary beating. The dynein heavy chain consists of an N- terminal tail domain responsible for cargo binding and dimerization, and a C-terminal motor domain. In order …
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Involvement of a specific ubiquitin ligase in the assembly of the dynein motor in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa
… based motors, kinesin and cytoplasmic dynein, work in concert to move cargoes outward and inward, respectively, in the cell. In polarized cells, molecular motors are of even greater importance due to a need for long distance transport and maintenance of proper polarity. Although there …
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Bidirectional cargo transport by microtubule-based molecular motors
… a simple in vitro system using only mammalian dynein and mammalian kinesin attached to a single cargo. These cargoes undergo saltatory motion typically seen in vivo, indicating that the motors engage in a tug-of-war. When the complex hits a barrier, the cargo often reverses direction. In some …
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Investigating the cytoskeleton and microtubule-based transport with in situ cryo-electron tomography
… that drive intracellular transport. Cytoplasmic dynein, in combination with dynactin and activating adaptors, is a microtubule-based motor that drives long-range transport of many cargo types towards microtubule minus ends. Structural and cellular work to date has revealed how dynein-dynactin …
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