Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 48 for “"drinking water distribution"”.
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Biostability In Drinking Water Distribution Systems Study At Pilot-scale
… were investigated for 18 months in 18 pilot distribution systems, under various water quality scenarios. This study specifically investigated the impact of steady-state water changes on HPC levels in chlorinated and chloraminated distribution systems. Chlorination was more effective than …
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Water Quality Variations During Nitrification In Drinking Water Distribution Systems
… documents the relationship among the major water quality parameters during a nitrification episode. Nitrification unexpectedly occurred in a chloraminated pilot drinking water distribution system practicing with a 4.0 mg/L as Cl2 residual dosed at 4.5:1 Cl2:NH3-N. Surface, ground and sea …
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Accumulation of Lead by Biofilms in Drinking Water Distribution Systems
… in Flint, MI, indicate that lead exposure from drinking water is a major health concern in the United States. Over six million lead service lines are still in use in the United States, and a universal protocol to safely remove these lead service lines from drinking water distribution systems has …
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Nitrification Investigation And Modeling In The Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution System
… papers concerning nitrification in chloraminated drinking water distribution systems in a one and a half year field study. Seven finished waters were produced from different treatment processes and distributed to eighteen pilot distribution systems (PDSs) that were made pipes taken from actual …
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Fate of Salmonella Typhimurium in biofilms of drinking water distribution systems
The propensity of Salmonella to persist in water environments under unfavourable conditions is of concern as these water environments serve as contamination reservoirs. The role of contaminated water in the transmission of Salmonella in developing countries is largely unknown. The fate and …
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Multivariate Analysis of Disinfection By-products Formation in Drinking Water Distribution Systems
Drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) have historically been looked upon like a black box, in which various chemical and microbial processes affect disinfectant residuals stability. This results in disinfectant residuals decay and unintended disinfection by-product (DBP) formations, which are …
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Developing Multi-Scale Models for Water Quality Management in Drinking Water Distribution Systems
<p>Drinking water supply systems belong to the group of critical infrastructure systems that support the socioeconomic development of our modern societies. In addition, drinking water infrastructure plays a key role in the protection of public health by providing a common access to clean and safe …
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The role of biofilms in Legionella pneumophila transmission in drinking water distribution system
Biofilms in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) or premise plumbing systems could facilitate the persistence and transmission of pathogenic Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila), thus raise human health concerns. L. pneumophila cells can accumulate in biofilms, be protected from …
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Iron Release From Corrosion Scales in Old Iron /Steel Drinking Water Distribution Pipes
… scales, and their reactions that lead to colored water problems. According to the model, iron release from corrosion scales can be controlled, in general, by either (a) promoting a denser scale microstructure, or (b) inhibiting dissolution of corrosion scale components. It is anticipated that the …
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Understanding the microbiota in drinking water distribution networks – from municipal to indoor water supply systems
"A drinking water distribution system can be viewed as an ecosystem that is comprised of diverse microorganisms interacting with each other and the environment. These microorganisms are central to water quality integrity during distribution. This study investigated the diversity, structure, and …
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A GEOCHEMICAL MODEL FOR PREDICTING CORROSION- SCALE DISSOLUTION AND PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS IN DRINKING WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
… dissolution and solid phase transformations in water distribution systems for varying water chemistry conditions and corrosion scale compositions. The equilibrium model is developed in PhreeqC.v.2.16.03 with reactions and thermodynamic constants validated by comparing simulation results with …
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Role of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) on Biofilm Disinfection in a Model Drinking Water Distribution System
Biofilms are undesirable but ubiquitous in drinking water systems. This study investigated the role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the biofilm life cycle, including planktonic cells, attached biofilm, detached biofilm clusters and redistributed biofilm, in a model distribution …
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Evaluation of water quality in urban drinking water distribution networks: a case study in Johannesburg, South Africa
In the Republic of South Africa (RSA) access to drinking water is a constitutionally guaranteed human right. The supply of safe drinking water to consumers is a legal requirement and the numerical limits for drinking water quality are described in SANS 241:2015. However, in 2023 over 30% of RSAs …
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Analysis of Fate and Transport of E. coli in Chlorinated Drinking Water Distribution System in the Presence of Natural Organic Matter
<p>Contamination of drinking water distribution systems can affect the public health adversely. Intentional intrusion of contaminants into the drinking water distribution systems have been a growing concern. In order to protect the public health, an effort is made to answer the need for improvising …
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Presence of potentially pathogenic heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria occurring in a drinking water distribution system in the North-West Province, South Africa
… of heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria in drinking water. These HPC may have potential pathogenic features, enabling them to cause disease. It is especially alarming amongst individuals with a weakened immune system. South Africa, the country with the highest incidents of HIV positive …
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Dissolution, Formation, and Transformation of the Lead Corrosion Product PbO<sub>2</sub>: Rates and Mechanisms of Reactions that Control Lead Release in Drinking Water Distribution Systems
… lead(IV) oxide: PbO<sub>2</sub>) can react with water through reductive dissolution, resulting in elevated lead concentrations in tap water. Limited data are available on the rates and mechanisms of PbO<sub>2</sub> dissolution. Information regarding the impact of water chemistry on the rates and …
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Evaluating Coliform Monitoring Strategies for Contamination Scenarios in a Distribution System Model
Large public water utilities currently are required to take several 100 mL water samples every month in their distribution systems and to test these samples for the presence of total coliforms to comply with the Total Coliform Rule. How and where they take these samples is not specified. The Total …
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Chloramine and MIEX control of disinfection by-products formed from an alluvial aquifer water source
… the formation of these DBPs varies with the water quality and/or the treatment process. The compliance of TTHMs may become a major issue in most facilities which use ground water as their raw water and apply softening as the primary treatment goal. For this kind of facility, however, …
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Bayesian belief networks to integrate monitoring evidence of water distribution system contamination
… and reduce false positive sensor detections in drinking water distribution systems. A BBN is developed that integrates sensor data with other validating evidence of contamination scenarios. This network is used to graphically express the causal relationships between events such as operational …
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