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Territorial Defense Strategies in the Northern Cardinal (<i>Cardinalis cardinalis</i>): Who is the Bigger Threat?

Gentry, Kaylee M.2016

<p>This thesis examines the use of defensive strategies in relation to territories year round in the northern cardinal (<em>Cardinalis cardinalis</em>). Responses to recorded neighbor song and stranger song playback from the middle of a focal male’s territory were measured. This allowed for an …

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