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Showing 1 to 19 of 19 for “"crash test"”.
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Development, Calibration, and Validation of a Finite Element Model of the THOR Crash Test Dummy for Aerospace and Spaceflight Crash Safety Analysis
Anthropometric test devices (ATDs), commonly referred to as crash test dummies, are tools used to conduct aerospace and spaceflight safety evaluations. Finite element (FE) analysis provides an effective complement to these evaluations. In this work a FE model of the Test Device for Human Occupant …
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Finite Element Analysis of Passenger Multiple Belt Restraint Configurations
Injury measures have been developed for crash test dummies to associate the data generated to some meaningful measure to the human body. While the crash test dummies offered an important surrogate for the human body in real world crash testing, in finite element modeling, models of the human body …
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Development of a Comparison Technique Between Crash Tests and Real-World Crashes
… create a repeatable method for finding similar crash tests to compare to real world crashes using the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) database and common crash test databases. Each of the Toyota-Wake Forest University CIREN cases with horizontal principle direction of force …
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The development of finite element model for Malaysian Female Anthropometric Dummy
In recent years, dummy development for crash test have grown rapidly to decrease the fatalities during crash. These dummies are generated based on anthropometric database consisting of several percentile. Anthropometric data is very important in terms of ergonomics to specify the physical …
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Applications of Event Data Recorder Derived Crash Severity Metrics to Injury Prevention
… been more than 35,000 fatalities annually due to crashes on United States roads [1], [2]. Typically, road departure crashes account for less than 10% of all annual crash occupants yet comprise nearly one third of all crash fatalities in the US [3]. In the year 2020, road departure crashes …
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Computational Modeling of Lower Extremity and Thoracolumbar Spine Response in Automotive and Spaceflight Landing
… injuries occur annually from motor vehicle crashes. Frontal crashes remain the most common crash mode, and lower extremity injuries are the leading AIS 2+ injury for drivers involved in frontal crashes. While there has been steady improvement in standardized vehicle crash test performance, …
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Protecting the Pregnant Occupant: Dynamic Material Properties of Uterus and Placenta
Automobile crashes are the largest cause of death for pregnant females and the leading cause of traumatic fetal injury mortality in the United States. The first way to protect the fetus is to protect the mother considering that maternal death has a near 100% fetal loss rate. If the mother survives, …
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Poroviscoelastic Modeling of the Mechanical and Fluid Response of Liver Tissue in Unconfined Compression
Crash injury prevention research has yielded many preventative measures that work in conjunction to protect vital areas of the human body. However, some of these methods of fatality prevention have been shown to increase injury frequency in other areas of the body, including the abdomen. Within the …
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Modular Use of Human Body Models of Various Complexities in the Head and Thoraco-Abdominal Regions
… can be used as a supplement to traditional crash test dummies for crash safety evaluation due to their affordability, ease of use, and increased available data points. As part of the Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC) project, HBMs have developed and become more complex and …
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The Biomechanics of Thoracic Skeletal Response
… vehicle occupants in both near side and far side crashes which do not involve a rollover. In addition, rib fractures are the most frequent type of thoracic injury observed in both frontal and side impact automotive collisions. Anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs), i.e. crash test dummies, and …
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Differences between adult and pediatric neck muscle stress due muscle recruitment patterns
… deaths and injuries of children, the first child crash test dummy was developed. The responses of this dummy were scaled from the adult response data based on the assumption that children were similar to adults both anatomically and physiologically, only children were smaller. It was also assumed …
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Guardrail Height Safety Requirements Given Recent Crash History and Evolution of Vehicle Design
… such as weight, center of gravity, and type at crash locations involving guardrail failures to identify potential patterns between vehicle design and vehicle containment success.</p> <p>Five years of Florida crash data will be analyzed to identify guardrail failures at both the 27¾-inch and …
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Predicting Occupant Injury with Vehicle-Based Injury Criteria in Roadside Crashes
… typically used to assess occupant injury risk in crashes involving roadside hardware such as guardrail. These metrics attempt to derive the risk of injury based solely on the response of the vehicle during a collision event. The primary purpose of this research effort was to determine if …
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Characterizing the Biomechanical Response of Liver
… injury in motor vehicle collisions; however, no crash test dummies are currently equipped to represent individual solid organs. This has increased the use of finite element models to help reduce these injuries; however, accurate material models need to be established to have accurate injury …
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The accuracy of energy-based crash reconstruction techniques using event data recorder measurements
… General Motors, Ford, and Toyota in laboratory crash tests was examined across a wide spectrum of impact conditions. This.study evaluated the performance of EDRs by comparison with the laboratory-grade accelerometers mounted onboard test vehicles subjected to staged crash tests. The study …
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Traumatic Brain Injury Mechanisms in the Gottingen Minipig in Response to Two Unique Input Modes
… occurrences annually [1]. Current automotive crash test standards use the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) [2] to assess head injury potential, but this metric does not relate an impact to underlying damage. For an injury metric to effectively predict TBI, it is crucial to relate level of impact to …
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Protection of Rear Seat Occupants Using Finite Element Analysis
The majority of car crash deaths occur in the front seats because the majority of occupants sit in the front seats. Traditionally, the rear seats were safer than the front seats because a front seated occupant would be closer to rigid structures such as the steering wheel, and they would be closer …
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Assessment of Crash Energy - Based Side Impact Reconstruction Accuracy
… in the National Automotive Sampling System / Crashworthiness Data System (NASS/CDS) is the vehicle change in velocity, or ?V. ?V is the vector change in velocity experienced by a vehicle during a collision, and is widely used as a measure of collision severity in crash safety research. The ?V …
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Study of Occupant Model Capability to Quantify Injury Risk for eVTOL Vehicles
… Center (LaRC) previously conducted a full-scale crash test of a Fokker F28 MK1000 aircraft to study occupant injury risks. The goal of the current study was to investigate the injury predictions of the Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC) and Total Human Model for Safety (THUMS) occupant …