Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 65 for “"counterfactuals"”.
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Comprehending counterfactuals
… given the social importance of understanding counterfactuals and the wealth of psychological research that has focused on the production of counterfactual statements. In this thesis, I present eight experiments that investigate how a counterfactual discourse can disrupt or facilitate …
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Counterfactuals Without Causation, Probabilistic Counterfactuals and the Counterfactual Analysis of Causation
… those currently working on the semantics of counterfactuals that the correct treatment of counterfactuals (whatever it is) must invoke causal independence in order to rule a particular set of seemingly true counterfactuals – including a famous one called Morgenbesser's Coin (MC) – true. But …
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Considering counterfactuals in counseling : reflections on reality
Counterfactual thoughts involve the consideration of how events might have progressed differently. These conditional statements include an antecedent (e.g., "If only I were less impulsive") and a consequent (e.g., "I would not have been unfaithful") (Markman, Gavanski, Sherman, & McMullen, 1993). …
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Counterfactuals, dispositions, and conscious experience : essays on entropy
… offered a natural and influential analysis of counterfactuals. But the analysis fails to take into account the asymmetry of entropy, and comes to grief precisely because of that failure. The cause of the grief is that processes involving the increase of entropy are exceedingly sensitive to …
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Counterfactuals in Context: Felicity conditions for counterfactual conditionals containing proper names
This thesis provides felicity conditions for counterfactual conditionals containing proper names in which essential changes to an individual are counterfactually posited using contrastive focus in either the antecedent or consequent clause. The felicity conditions proposed are an adaptation of …
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Upward and onward: direction of counterfactuals, future action, and well-being over time
… (Epstude & Roese, 2008) argue that upward counterfactuals make us feel bad in the short-term but maximize outcomes in the long term. The short-term relationship is well-established, but the relationship of counterfactual thinking to behavior, affect and well-being over the long term has yet …
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Constraining credences
… by norms governing our opinions about counterfactuals, by the opinions of other agents, and by our own previous opinions. In Chapter 1, I discuss ordinary language judgments about sequences of counterfactuals, and then discuss intuitions about norms governing our credence in …
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The role of relevant information in functional counterfactual thinking
… traits (Experiment 2). Experiment 3 found that counterfactuals containing a category of behavior facilitated specific behavioral intentions, relative to counterfactuals focusing on a trait. However, counterfactuals only facilitated intentions that included specific behaviors, but not when …
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The role of counterfactual thinking in deceptive communication
… the first seven studies the relationship between counterfactuals and lies is directly investigated using novel scenario-based and behavioural tasks. In a further four studies we also investigate the role of affect and executive functions as explanatory mechanisms. Results show that individuals …
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Incompatibilist Alternative Possibilities
… to manipulation, deliberation, and Molinist counterfactuals of freedom.</p> <p>In chapter 1, “Fischer’s Deterministic Frankfurt-Style Argument”, I examine John Martin Fischer’s deterministic Frankfurt-style argument against the principle of alternative possibilities (PAP). Fischer attempts to …
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Chance, indeterminacy, and explanation
… possibilities. In the third chapter, "Chance and Counterfactuals", I show how the sort of chances I have argued for can play an important role in a very different sort of philosophical project. According to a number of recent arguments, one consequence of our current scientific theories is that …
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The cost of new ideas
… to propose that new ideas can serve as upward counterfactuals to experiences, possessions, or organizations, which then make those experiences, possessions, or organizations seem worse by comparison. I conclude by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of these findings for …
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Can program explanation confer ontological rights for the Cornell realist variety of moral realism?
… Following Miller, I argue that the fact that counterfactuals are context sensitive undermines the argument developed by Nelson, and I also attempt to undermine Bloomfield’s recent defence of Nelson. Contrary to Bloomfield and Nelson, program explanation is not required in order to explain why …
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Counterfactual policy introspection using structural causal models
… (using structural causal models) to generate counterfactuals based on an existing model of the environment, including common models used in model-based RL. We apply our procedure to a pair of synthetic applications to build intuition, and conclude with an application on real healthcare data, …
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Frontiers of Conditional Logic
… a wide array of uses, from the traditional (e.g. counterfactuals) to the exotic (e.g. conditional obligation). Despite the close connections between conditional and modal logic, both the technical development and philosophical exploitation of the latter has outstripped that of the former, with the …
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Essays in econometrics and random matrix theory
… heterogeneity can lead to misleading policy counterfactuals.
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The economic consequences of private lands conservation using conservation easements in Colorado
… $106 million and $112 million more than two counterfactuals I considered: decreasing federal income tax and a zero counterfactual. Further, using benefit transfer analysis, I estimated that all conservation easements in Colorado provide between $40 and $47 billion in ecosystem service …
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Essays in Computational Econometrics
… second essay considers partial identification of counterfactuals in a broad class of models with discrete outcomes and covariates and develops a procedure for computing the identified interval using several new computational tools, including a new algorithm for enumerating the cells induced by …
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