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Showing 1 to 20 of 340 for “"counterfactual"”.
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Counterfactual Feedback and Tennis
… and feedback for maximum student learning. Counterfactual feedback assists in engaging visual (internal) and auditory augmented feedback in order to create an optimal learning environment, which will produce the highest skill level in the shortest time possible (Sigrist, et al, 2011). …
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Variation in Past Counterfactual Constructions
The two past counterfactual constructions under investigation in this study are the past counterfactual conditional (Type 3) and the past counterfactual <em>wish</em> complement clause (PCWCC). Each of these has both a standard and variant form. The verb in the standard forms is <em>had</em> + past …
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Counterfactual Logic: A Modern Overview
… described a family of logics for reasoning about counterfactual statements. These logics also contained additional connectives for reasoning about comparative possibility statements and modalities. Moreover, Lewis described a possible world semantics involving a ``sphere system'' that effectively …
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A reverse counterfactual analysis of causation
Lewis’s counterfactual analysis of causation starts with the claim that c causes e if ~ C > ~ E, where c and e are events, C and E are the propositions that c and e respectively occur, ~ is negation and > is the counterfactual conditional. The purpose of my project is to provide a counterfactual …
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Counterfactual policy introspection using structural causal models
… and policies. In particular, we make use of counterfactual trajectories, which describe the implicit belief (of a model) of 'what would have happened' if a policy had been applied. These serve to decompose model-based estimates of reward into specific claims about specific trajectories, a …
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The Ontogenesis of Counterfactual Emotions: Regret and Relief
… work is to investigate the development of counterfactual emotions in children aged 3 to 10. More specifically, this work deals with the development of the emotions of regret and relief. Five studies were conducted to determine at which age children start to understand, to feel and to …
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The role of counterfactual thinking in deceptive communication
… the proposal that there is a close link between counterfactual thinking and lying. Although both require the imagination of alternatives to reality, research has yet to establish a direct link. In the first seven studies the relationship between counterfactuals and lies is directly investigated …
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On evaluating counterfactual explanations for Machine Learning Models
… Learning – ML) μέσω αντιπαραθετικών εξηγήσεων (counterfactual explanations – CF), οι οποίες περιλαμβάνουν την πραγματοποίηση μικρών μεταβολών στα δεδομένα εισόδου προκειμένου να διερευνηθούν εναλλακτικά αποτελέσματα. Αναγνωρίζοντας τη διαρκώς αυξανόμενη σημασία της αξιολόγησης της απόδοσης …
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Estimation, Prediction and Counterfactual Inference with Dependent Observations
… unsupervised learning, supervised learning and counterfactual inference. In supervised learning, we observe a sequence of unlabeled examples and our goal is to infer some structural property from the distribution they came from. The presence of dependencies could severely complicate this …
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SparkSim: A Counterfactual Approach for Spark Cluster Scheduling
… an existing trace. We implement this using a counterfactual approach, which takes a trace that was executed to predict a new one as if it had taken place under the same cluster conditions. My thesis focuses on evaluating and investigating the performance of SparkSim. We evaluate SparkSim on …
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Reconsidering Counterfactual Potency to Improve Affect: Towards an Intervention
Research suggests that upward counterfactual thinking (i.e., mentally simulating more desirable alternatives to reality) influences the extremity of negative emotions to the extent that people believe in the plausibility, or likelihood, of the mentally simulated alternative antecedents and outcomes …
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Alternative realities: Counterfactual historical fiction and possible worlds theory
… methodology with which to analyse counterfactual historical fiction. Counterfactual historical fiction is a genre that creates fictional worlds whose histories run contrary to the history of the actual world. I argue that Possible Worlds Theory is a suitable methodology with which …
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The effects of counterfactual comparison on learning and reasoning
How humans make choices in uncertain and competitive situations is a key determinant of viability and successful living. Improving those choices requires sometimes encountering undesirable outcomes and avoiding them, eventually even anticipating them in novel situations. Learning depends on making …
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The Counterfactual History Novel in Nineteenth-Century British Literature
… narrative within this developing subgenre: the counterfactual history novel. As the precursor to the alternative history novel, the counterfactual history novel asks readers to consider plausible alternative outcomes to a historical event but goes no further than requesting that act of …
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The role of relevant information in functional counterfactual thinking
Although counterfactual thinking is typically activated by a negative outcome, it can have positive effects by helping to regulate and improve future behavior. Known as the content-specific pathway, these counterfactual ruminations use relevant information (i.e., information that is directly …
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Dataset Interfaces: Diagnosing Model Failures Using Controllable Counterfactual Generation
… especially since it may be difficult to acquire counterfactual examples that exhibit a specified shift. In this work, we introduce the notion of a dataset interface: a framework that, given an input dataset and a user-specified shift, returns instances from that input distribution that exhibit …
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Counterfactual Prescriptions Via Hierarchical ML For Missed Chemotherapy Appointment Prevention
… with weighted F1-scores of 0.57 and 0.54. Counterfactual analysis identifies modifiable scheduling factors—such as appointment timing and provider consistency—while showing that standard interventions like reminders are less effective than previously reported. These findings underscore the …
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Counterfactual Thinking and Shakespearean Tragedy: Imagining Alternatives in the Plays
This dissertation is the application of counterfactual criticism to Shakespearean tragedy—supposing we are to ask, for example, “what if” Hamlet had done the deed, or, “what if” we could somehow disinherit our knowledge of Lear’s madness before reading King Lear. Such readings, mirroring critical …
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