Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 20 for “"colonic epithelium"”.
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Accumulation of Somatic Mutations in Normal Human Colonic Epithelium
… KDM6A generate very large areas of mutant epithelium in aged humans. Further, targeted sequencing revealed dramatic expansion of KRAS-mutant clones in histologically normal colon. Patches may arise from crypt fission and fusion events. Using a clonal mark based on mild periodic acid-Schiff …
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Wnt Signals and Imaging Tissue Renewal in the Human Colonic Epithelium
Background The human intestinal epithelium is one of the most rapidly renewing tissues in the mammalian body, with 10 billion cells being shed from its surface every day. Renewal of the intestinal epithelium takes place at the base of flask-like epithelial invaginations known as crypts. Within …
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Mechanism and role of calcium in excitation-mucus secretion coupling in human colonic epithelium
… (Ca2+) coupling mucus (MUC2) secretion in colonic goblet cells in situ, using an ex-vivo 3D model native human colonic crypt model system. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of cholinergic neurons in close proximity to the basal membrane of the crypts, where the muscarinic receptor …
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SIGNALLING TISSUE RENEWAL AND CRYPT SURVIVAL IN THE HUMAN COLONIC EPITHELIUM AND BARRETT’S OESOPHAGUS
… cell driven tissue renewal in the intestinal epithelium is a tightly regulated and controlled process. The colonic epithelium is organised into millions of invaginations called crypts, each of which represents the self-renewing unit of the tissue. In the mouse, renewal of the intestinal …
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Developmental Patterning and Cell Fate Specification in the Mouse Colon
Despite being only a single cell thick, the epithelium of the mammalian colon exhibits a remarkable degree of organisation. The epithelium is highly invaginated into glandular structures. These “crypts” provide the niche for the stem cells of the epithelium. Not only do such structures form during …
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THE ROLE OF HYALURONAN IN INNATE INTESTINAL DEFENSE
… intestinal epithelial cells. Treatment of HT-29 colonic epithelial cells with HA fragment preparations resulted in time- and dose-dependent upregulated expression of HßD2 protein in a fragment size-specific manner, with 35 kDa HA fragment preparations emerging as the most potent inducers of …
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The origin and properties of pro-oncogenic fields in the intestinal epithelium
Abstract: The intestinal epithelium is maintained by intestinal stem cells that replace each other stochastically over time. Stem cells that are excluded from the stem cell pool will differentiate into the absorptive or secretory cell lineages. However, intestinal cell-fate specification is not …
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Notch activation and clone fate in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation
… depending on the tissue. In the intestinal epithelium Notch signals are important for determining cell fate between the absorptive and secretory lineage and regulating the proliferation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). As a result, Notch is also an important pathway during disease such as …
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Colonic mucus structure and processing
The mucus layer covering the colonic epithelium creates a crucial first line of defense against the gut residing bacteria. Several lines of evidence suggest that a functional mucus layer is essential for health. For example, it is. suggested that ulcerative colitis is correlated with mucus layer …
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Mechanisms of Induction and Maintenance of Constitutive Ptgs2 Expression in Colonic Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Colonic injury and inflammation exhibit high morbidity and mortality in western society and are increasingly diagnosed in human patients. In many models of such gastrointestinal insults, prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase 2: Ptgs2; cyclooxygenase 2) and its downstream synthetic products, most …
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Somatic evolution in human blood and colon
… and the cellular output of stem cell clones. Colonic epithelium is organised into crypts, at the base of which sit a small number of stem cells. All cells in a crypt ultimately share an ancestor in one stem cell that existed recently, and consequently share the mutations that were present in …
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High MUC2 Biosynthesis and Production Augment Pro-Inflammatory Responses in Colonic Goblet Cells
… separating luminal contents from the underlying epithelium. During amoebiasis, caused by the human intestinal protozoan parasite, Entamoeba histolytica, goblet cells hypersecrete and become depleted of MUC2 mucin, impairing the protective mucus barrier to allow the parasite to contact the colonic …
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A possible mechanistic role for microorganisms in the genesis of colorectal cancer.
… determined the presence of microorganisms in the colonic epithelium using next generation sequencing. One microorganism isolated was predominately in colon tumors and the adjacent normal tissue but was seen at much lower levels in adenomatous polyps or normal tissue without a tumor present. This …
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The Effects of a Purified B-Group Soyasaponin Fraction on the Proliferation, Cell Cycle Progression and Induction of Macroautophagy in Hct-15 Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells
… and these compounds are bioavailable to the colonic epithelium. Therefore, B-group soyasaponins may contribute to the lower incidence of colon cancer observed in individuals that consume legumes. Consequently, the impact of a purified fraction of triterpenoid B-group soyasaponins isolated …
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Prevalence and fate of pro-oncogenic clones in the human colon
… of cancer-driver mutations in the normal human colonic epithelium had been so far limited. Using immunohistochemistry and sequencing methods, and by screening a large number of patients and crypts, pro-oncogenic clones were detected for eight colorectal cancer driver genes; ARID1A, APC, CTNNB1, …
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Early stage inflammation and cancer as reflected in the gastrointestinal mucus composition: implications for diagnosis, prognosis and pathogenesis
… results from inappropriate interactions between colonic microbiota and host immunity, against a background of genetic susceptibility. Normally, the abundant luminal microbes are segregated from the colonic epithelium, through an impervious mucus barrier. Here, abnormalities in mucus protein …
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AKR1B8 IS A NOVEL MODULATOR OF CRYPTIC SELF-RENEWAL AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO COLITIS AND ASSOCIATED CANCER
… (PAH). AKR1B10 is primarily expressed in human colonic mucosa, but its biochemistry, biological functions, and pathological roles in normal and diseased conditions of the colon remain unclear. In this study, we characterized the biochemical properties of AKR1B10 protein and investigated its …
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The Regulation of ARE-Mediated mRNA Decay During Colorectal Tumorigenesis
… genes. In the normal, non-transformed intestinal epithelium, oncogenic gene expression is tightly regulated by cis-acting AU-rich elements (ARE) present in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of their mRNA, thereby targeting them for rapid decay in a process known as ARE-mediated mRNA decay. It has …
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CALCIUM SENSING RECEPTOR FUNCTION IN COLON: A ROBUST PROMOTER OF DIFFERENTIATION AND TUMOR SUPPRESSOR
… of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) in the human colonic crypt epithelium is linked to cellular differentiation while its lack of expression is associated with undifferentiated and invasive colon carcinoma. Recent studies show that CaSR suppresses the malignant phenotype through a variety of …
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Vergleich der Genexpression im entzündlichen Kolonepithel und im kolorektalen Karzinom im Hinblick auf das erhöhte Tumorrisiko bei chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen
In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll untersucht werden, welche Ereignisse dem erhöhten Tumorrisiko im Kolonepithel von Menschen mit einer CED zugrunde liegen. Um die Gefahr der Tumorentstehung rechtzeitig erkennen zu können, sollen frühe Marker gefunden werden, die die Bereitschaft, einen Tumor zu …