Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 61 for “"coinfection"”.
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Aspects of Tuberculosis and HIV Coinfection in Patients at Ethiopian Health Centers
… of immunosuppression in patients with HIV and TB coinfection. For more than one third of these patients, severe immunosuppression could be excluded. According to current recommendations, this subset would therefore not be in need of immediate ART initiation during TB treatment providing time to …
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The Impact of Powassan Virus and Borrelia burgdorferi Coinfection in Ixodes scapularis Ticks
… baseline rates of both pathogens and the rate of coinfection, and to gain an insight into the environment where the pathogens are present. B. burgdorferi was common in New York and Connecticut, while POWV was detected at a low rate, primarily in the form of Deer Tick virus (POWV Lineage II) but …
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The Effect of Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection on Otitis Media Disease Progression and Treatment Efficacy
Otitis media is a major public health problem in pediatrics worldwide. It is the number one reason for pediatric office visits, new antibiotic prescriptions and surgery in children. The two most commonly isolated pathogens from otitis media infection are <italic>Haemophilus influenzae</italic> and …
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Transmission of La Crosse Virus in Southwest Virginia: Role of Accessory Vectors, Microfilarial Coinfection and Canine Seroprevalence
… The final objective examined the effects of coinfection with D. immitis microfilariae and LAC virus in three species of Aedes mosquitoes. No significant differences were found between mosquitoes fed dually infected bloodmeals (i.e. D. immitis microfilariae and LAC virus) and those fed …
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Impaired Control of Chronic Herpesvirus Infection in Tissue Resident Macrophages During Coinfection with Intestinal Parasite and Other Cell-intrinsic Herpesvirus Interactions
… have a high prevalence of helminth infections. Coinfection with parasites has been shown to induce murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV68) reactivation in vivo, suggesting that coinfection with chronic pathogens is one mechanism herpesviruses can use to reactivate. To examine cell-specific MHV68 …
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Interferons in Influenza A Virus and Streptococcus Pneumoniae Co-Pathogenesis
… of IAV/ Streptococcus Pneumoniae (SPn) coinfection. Using gene knock-out models and neutralizing in vivo antibodies, we demonstrated that IFN-I and IFN-γ inhibit acute bacterial clearance post-IAV infection. However, IFN-γ plays a more critical role. Additionally, we found that IFN-I …
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Ecological and evolutionary aspects of interactions between microbes coinfecting plants
Coinfections of one host with multiple pathogen species are common, and have important implications for host health and pathogen fitness. In the research reported here, plant virus systems were used to explore the effects of coinfection on pathogen populations and host responses. Chapter 1 …
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Interactions between influenza A virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae in nasal colonization and middle ear infection
… and are of great interest. Epidemiologically, coinfection with influenza A virus is strongly linked to the incidence of otitis media in children and experimental models have identified numerous mechanisms by which viral infection predisposes to increased pneumococcal infection. Unclear, …
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The Influence of Environmental Conditions and Co-Occurring Parasites on Blood Physiology in Eastern Hellbenders (<i>Cryptobranchus alleganiensis</i>)
… (Trypanosoma sp.), often resulting in coinfection. Results indicate that hematocrit and hemoglobin increase in response to acute stress and with temperature. Additionally, the magnitude of the stress-induced hemoconcentration response was greater at lower temperatures. Hellbenders …
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Occurrence, determinants and dynamics of HPV coinfections in a cohort of Montreal university students
Background: Coinfections with multiple types of human papillomavirus (HPV) are a common occurrence among HPV-infected individuals, but the clinical significance and etiology of these infections remain unclear. Though current evidence suggests that women with coinfections have increased HPV exposure …
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Cytokine modulations by type I interferon suppression-negative and NF-κB activation-negative Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
… survival of S. suis was measured in coinfection groups, and NF-κB luciferase assays and RT-qPCR were used to determine cytokines modulations. PD-∆135-NLS most significantly attenuated the TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 expressions compared to those of wild-type PRRSV. The viability of …
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Age appropriate treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa
… in South Africa with TB, there is a 57-68% HIV coinfection rate. </p><p>This dissertation includes a systematic literature review (Chapter 2) exploring barriers to TB treatment initiation in sub-Saharan Africa with an emphasis on children and youth. Additionally, time to treatment was assessed …
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Within-host population dynamics and collective interactions of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus
… infections. As a mechanism of restricting coinfection, superinfection exclusion limits both genetic complementation and reassortment between influenza viruses, thereby restricting two major drivers of genetic and genomic diversity. We found that superinfection exclusion acted equally across …
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Analysis and robust simulation of mathematical models of HIV and Leishmaniasis co-infection
… (VL) and human immunode ciency virus (HIV) coinfection. We study these models theoretically and design and analyze robust numerical methods to solve them. The rst sub-model describes the transmission dynamics of VL and incorporates three populations: the human, the reservoir, and the vector …
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Single-Stranded-Dna Sp6 and T7 Bacteriophage Promoter Plasmids for Engineering Mutant Rnas and Proteins: Extensions and Deletions at the Amino Terminus Which Alter the Activity of Preproparathyroid Hormone Signal Peptide
… SP6 or T7 promoter have been constructed. Coinfection of E. coli with these chimeric plasmids and a single stranded DNA helper phage results in the replication and secretion of the pSP6(.)f1 or pTZ plasmids as single stranded DNA viral particles. A single species of RNA can be transcribed …
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Statistical modeling and analysis of partially observed infectious diseases
… In addition, we also considered diseases coinfection models allowing multiple strains transmission and recovery. For each model, Bayesian inference approach was developed and implemented via MCMC framework using extensive data augmentation schema. Throughout, we consider two most prevalent …
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HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE AND MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS INTRA- AND INTERSPECIES QUORUM SIGNALING
… The majority of OM infections also involve coinfection by multiple species. For instance, the leading causative agents <italic>Haemophilus influenzae</italic> and <italic>Moraxella catarrhalis</italic> are more frequently found to coexist than to be isolated individually. Polymicrobial …
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Developing a diagnostic assay for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and investigating the interaction of Pneumocystis murina and respiratory syncytial virus during co-infection in mice
… Lastly, using a mouse model of P. murina and RSV coinfection, we investigated the effects of P. murina on viral pneumonia. Wild-type and immunocompromised RAG-1-deficient mice were infected with P. murina followed by RSV and the disease parameters were investigated. RT qPCR analysis demonstrated …
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Novel Diagnostic approach for tuberculosis diagnosis
… two community clinics, all with high TB/HIV coinfection rate. Among 43.2% of patients diagnosed with TB during the evaluation study, GeneXpert detected TB in 95.5% of all culture positive cases. In smear positive patients, sensitivity was 99.0% and in smear-negative, culture positive …
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Effects of different antiretroviral treatments on gut microbiota of hiv-infected patients
… and mortality of these patients, such as the coinfection with hepatotropic viruses and the metabolic syndrome, also affects the gut flora, although to a lesser extent than HIV infection itself. However, these effects are not mild and highlight the need for monitoring these patients even after …
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