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Showing 1 to 20 of 34 for “"codeine"”.
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Enantiodivergent chemoenzymatic synthesis of codeine
… alkaloids. An enantiodivergent synthesis of codeine utilizing a cis-cyclohexadiene diol derived from microbial whole cell oxidation of ~-bromoethylbenzene,as starting material is discussed. The total synthesis of (+)-codeine in 14 steps featuring a Mitsunobu inversion and two intramolecular …
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Codeine, heightened pain sensitivity and medication overuse headache: a neuroimmune hypothesis and novel treatment strategy.
Codeine is the most widely consumed opioid analgesic worldwide. It relies upon partial metabolism to morphine to elicit analgesic effects. Paradoxically, the pain-reliever morphine has previously been linked to states of increased pain sensitivity; such as medication overuse headache and …
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The Comparative Effects of Vitamin a Deficiency and Fasting on Phospholipid Metabolism and Microsomal Codeine Demethylation in The Rat
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-09T14:28:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6604256.pdf: 3863615 bytes, checksum: 58526c43b91a53b84e6c3061f625dd06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1965
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A Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Distant Reiki on Pain after Non-emergency Caesarean Section and the Effect of CYP2D6 Variation on Codeine Analgesia
Codeine-containing medication is commonly used for pain after c-section. In most people, 10% of codeine is biotransformed into morphine by the Cytochrome P450 enzyme 2D6 (CYP2D6). Individuals who convert up to 50 fold more codeine into morphine, ultrarapid metaboizers, are at a greater risk for …
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Development of Non-covalent Chemical Probes for μ, δ and κ Opioid Receptors
… of an essential building block 1-bromocodeine. The bromination of codeine affords an attractive platform for further functionalization and the synthesis of other opioid derivatives. Here we describe the development of a new methodology for the large-scale bromination of codeine under …
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An investigation of chemiluminescent miniaturised analytical systems
… for the detection and quantification of codeine and cobalt (II) respectively are discussed.Chapter 1 introduces the concept, the manufacture, operating principles and applications of miniaturised analytical systems, while the use of chemiluminescence, its requirements and applications as …
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Neuronaalisten kolinergisten nikotiinireseptorien positiivinen ja negatiivinen allosteerinen modulaatio
… of nicotine and three different opioids, codeine, oxycodone and tramadol in SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells express endogenously α3* and α7-nAChRs. Binding assays were performed with radioactive ligand [3H]-epibatidine. Functional interactions of nicotine and the opioids were studied with …
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Chiral alkaloid derivatives: Synthesis and medicinal chemistry applications
… on alteration at the 1, 3 and 6 positions of codeine and morphine has been achieved. Herein we present the synthetic methodology, structural characterisation and biological evaluation of these novel opioid species. A range of opioid derivatives with modification at the 6 position to form …
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Understanding and manipulating alkaloid biosynthesis
… the serendipitous discovery of a P. somniferum codeine-Odemethylase mutant that selectively demethylates codeine, a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid involved in morphine biosynthesis, instead of both codeine and thebaine. This mutant may selectively disable a redundant route in the biosynthesis of …
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Searching for potential markers for monitoring the presence of opiates in urine exposed to oxidising adulterants
… exposure of six opiates (6-MAM, morphine, codeine, codeine-6-glucuronide, morphine-3-glucuronide and morphine-6-glucuronide) to various oxidising adulterants (nitrite, PCC and hypochlorite), stable reaction products were identified in urine. The structures of 12 reaction products were …
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An examination of the effectiveness of strategies used for the prevention of drug abuse in Zambian schools : a case of four public secondary schools in Lusaka district.
… culture; access to cheap drugs like alcohol, codeine and many others and drugs marketing . b) Drug abuse preventive strategies and policies put in place were less effective as the number of pupils involves in the bad vice was increasing. The most abused drugs by pupils were alcohol, codeine, …
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An examination of the effectiveness of strategies used for the prevention of drug abuse in Zambian schools : a case of four public secondary schools in Lusaka district.
… culture; access to cheap drugs like alcohol, codeine and many others and drugs marketing . b) Drug abuse preventive strategies and policies put in place were less effective as the number of pupils involves in the bad vice was increasing. The most abused drugs by pupils were alcohol, codeine, …
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Fungal biotransformation of morphine alkaloids
… echinulata N-demethylated thebaine, hydrocodone, codeine, oripavine and oxycodone into corresponding nor-compounds in varying yields. The study further focused on the characterization of the enzyme responsible for the biotransformation of thebaine into northebaine by Cunninghamella echinulata. The …
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Expanding the Role of Oxidoreductases in Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid Metabolism in Opium Poppy
… the analgesic morphine, the cough suppressant codeine, and the vasodilator papaverine. In opium poppy, the antepenultimate and final steps in morphine biosynthesis are catalyzed by oxidoreductases belonging to the 2-oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenase gene family, namely thebaine …
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The detection of drugs of abuse in biological matrices using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
… number of segments excluding roots by GC-MS. Codeine and dihydrocodeine were also detected in a greater number of root segments and segments excluding roots by GC-MS. The cocaine results showed excellent qualitative correlation between the LC-MS-MS and GC-MS methods for cocaine and …
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LC-MS/MS determination of various drugs of abuse and metabolites in municipal wastewater effluent samples
… and confirmation of 8 drugs of abuse (cocaine, codeine, MDMA, methadone, methamphetamine, morphine, nicotine, and oxycodone) and their various metabolites (acetylmorphine, cotinine, EDDP, amphetamine and benzoylecgonine) in municipal wastewater effluent samples. Samples were collected once daily …
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Fate and behaviour of drugs in the environment
… from Stoke Bardolph STW. Procaine, bromacil, codeine, lidocaine, ibruprofen, caffeine, nicotine and diazepam were the most abundant compounds in the final effluent with concentrations of 99.2, 1806.8, 33.5, 71.8, 3147, 213.4, 252.5 and 105.2 ng L-1, respectively. The percentage recoveries …
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Electro-catalytic reactions
… with tertiary amines in particular with codeine as a model compound was investigated. The aim of the work was to develop a portable drug testing device, that gave good sensitivity and reproducibility. The Ru(bpy)32+ was immobilized within the sol-gel matrix to develop a sensor which could …
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Plant aromatic amino acid decarboxylases: Evolutionary divergence, physiological function, structure function relationships and biochemical properties
… the pharmacologically active papaverine, codeine, morphine, and sanguinarine), and antioxidant and chemotherapeutic amides. Recent studies of plant AAAD proteins demonstrated that in addition to the typical decarboxylation enzymes, some annotated plant AAAD proteins are actually aromatic …
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