Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 33 for “"cluster-randomized"”.
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Ethical Challenges in Cluster Randomized Trials
… Consent in CRTs is associated with smaller cluster sizes, and the use of individual-level experimental and data collection interventions. CRT researchers are most concerned with issues around informed consent, and less concerned with issues related to the analysis of harms and benefits in …
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Marginal Methods for the Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomized Trials and Related Studies
<p>Cluster randomized trials (CRTs) are used to study the effectiveness of complex or community-level interventions across a diverse range of contexts. These contexts present a range of logistical and statistical challenges to the design and analysis of CRTs and related studies, such as …
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Conducting Cluster Randomized Controlled Trials in Hospitals: Barriers and Enablers Assessment and Strategies to Facilitate Delivery
Background: Cluster randomized control trials (cRCTs) are useful for asking about system-level interventions compared to other types of clinical research design, however they present unique challenges with conduct and delivery. Numerous cRCTs in hospitals have encountered challenges and time delays …
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Variation in Effectiveness of HIV Assisted Partner Services by Region, Rural Location and Gender in Kenya: A Cluster Randomized Trial
… by region, rural location and gender in a cluster-randomized controlled trial in Kenya. Methods Eighteen HIV testing sites were randomized to provide immediate aPS or aPS delayed for 6 weeks. Generalized estimating equations with a Poisson link, robust standard errors and exchangeable …
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A multi-methods implementation research evaluation of a program scale cluster randomized trial to improve integration of HIV prevention and treatment services in family planning clinics in Kenya
Funding cuts to the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) undermine the global HIV response and threaten harm reduction efforts across low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). In the current geopolitical and funding landscape, the urgency of integrating HIV services within broader …
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Developing, implementing, and evaluating tuberculosis laboratory information systems for resource-poor settings
… system was developed and implemented. A cluster randomized controlled trial and before-and-after comparison showed that this system had a significant effect in reducing processing times from 23 to 8 days, the proportion of cultures with delays >90 days from 9.2% to 0.1%, the number of …
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Confidence Interval Estimation of Cumulative Incidence for Clustered Competing Risks
In a cluster randomized trial studying a primary outcome patients are sometimes exposed to competing events. These are risks that alter the probability of the primary outcome occurring. Traditional methods of estimating the cumulative incidence for an outcome and its associated confidence interval …
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Development and scaling up of a psychological intervention for common mental disorders among people living with HIV in Zimbabwe
… formed part of formative research leading to a cluster randomized controlled trial(RCT) of a psychological intervention and provides supplementary research to the RCT to support the scale up of the intervention. The first chapter describes the magnitude of the problem and the lack of resources …
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Impact of Walking School Bus Programs on Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectations
… and parent SE, and OE. Methods. We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial of a WSB intervention in 2012 to 2016 among 22 elementary schools serving racially diverse, low-income populations in Houston, TX and Seattle, WA. Surveys collected data from 3rd-5th grade students and their …
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Enhanced care to people of South Asian Ethnicity-the United Kingdom Asian Diabetes Study (UKADS)
… Study (UKADS) is a large community based cluster randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate a culturally sensitive intervention to reduce cardiovascular risk in south Asians with type 2 diabetes. The study was conducted over a 2 year period and involved 21 General Practices in …
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The role of health risk perception variables on smoking-related outcomes in a motivational interviewing-based intervention for college students
… behavior was prospectively evaluated in a cluster-randomized trial for smoking cessation in college students. Optimistic bias, future precaution effectiveness, perceived vulnerability, and smoking behavior measures (quit attempts and cessation) were assessed in 302 college-aged student …
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Power and Sample Size for Three-Level Cluster Designs
Over the past few decades, Cluster Randomized Trials (CRT) have become a design of choice in many research areas. One of the most critical issues in planning a CRT is to ensure that the study design is sensitive enough to capture the intervention effect. The assessment of power and sample size in …
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Causal inference for complex data: randomization inference for treatment effect heterogeneity, network outcomes, and subgroup specific effects
… presents three new methodologies for analyzing randomized controlled trials using the researcher controlled randomization mechanism as the basis for inference. The first method extends inference for the ``attributable effect'', the total of the difference of outcomes if the treatment group had …
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Task-shifting and hypertension management in Ghana
… TAsk-Shifting Strategy for Hypertension was a cluster-randomized trial in which community health clinics were randomized to a control group, or an intervention group in which community health nurses were trained in the WHO-PEN package to diagnose, treat, and manage hypertension. This …
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Developing and Evaluating Effective Interventions to Reduce Healthcare-Associated Infection in A Resource-Limited Hospital in Thailand
… factors. The third aim was addressed with a cluster-randomized trial to evaluate a multimodal intervention. The intervention was associated with small increases in hand hygiene compliance (OR 1.12; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.24, p = 0.027), though lack of adherence to the intervention was a major …
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Team-based electronic communication in the care of patients with complex conditions
… team-based communication. The second study was a cluster randomized controlled feasibility trial evaluating the feasibility of implementation and preliminary effectiveness of a web-based tool for asynchronous, patient-provider team-based communication on continuity of care relative to usual care. …
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An evaluation of parameter estimation when using multilevel structural equation modeling for mediation analysis
Handling of clustered or nested data structures requires the use of multilevel modeling techniques. One such multilevel modeling technique is multilevel structural equation modeling (MLSEM). While estimation of indirect effect parameters and standard errors based on the conventional multilevel …
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How much compliance is enough? Examining the effect of different definitions of compliance on estimates of treatment efficacy in randomized controlled trials.
… being classified as compliers if they had been randomized to treatment. No studies have systematically examined how sensitive CACE estimates are to different definitions of compliance. This study hypothesizes that incorrect definitions of compliance can bias CACE estimates and seeks to determine …
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Statistical models for survey data from multiple countries on a parenting intervention programme
… Zambia) and in a modified (adapted stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial (SW-CRT) design of Botswana) context. A more general impression of effectiveness is finally established by combining all seven, country-specific GLMEM results via a meta-analysis. It is found that, irrespective of country …
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Structure and agency in the economics of public policy for TB control
… on empirical work done alongside a pragmatic cluster randomized control trial. Empirically, it examines the longitudinal economic burden of TB diagnosis and treatment in South Africa. The discrepancies between the time at which patients incur the greatest cost and income loss, and the …
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