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Showing 1 to 20 of 126 for “"chromosome segregation"”.
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Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Chromosome Segregation
… macromolecular machines to accurately pass chromosomes to two daughter cells during cell division. Errors during chromosome segregation are frequently deleterious to the cell and often result in aneuploidy leading to the formation of cancer cells. Kinetochores are large macromolecular …
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The examination of mechanisms underlying meiotic chromosome segregation
… division by which gametes are produced. Meiotic chromosome segregation differs from Mitotic segregation in that one DNA replication phase is followed by two chromosome segregation phases. This allows generation of haploid products from a diploid precursor cell and depends on a number of cellular …
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Protein Phosphatase 1 at the Kinetochore Regulates Chromosome Segregation
… regulatory mechanisms exist to ensure proper chromosome segregation in mitosis. First, improper kinetochore-microtubule attachments are destabilized through the error correction machinery. Second, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) delays anaphase onset until all kinetochores have achieved …
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Control of Chromosome Segregation by the Aurora B Complex
<p>Chromosome segregation during cell division requires spindle assembly around M-phase chromatin. In cells lacking centrosomes, such as those found in female meiosis, chromosomes themselves nucleate and stabilize microtubules in order to promote accurate spindle formation. Here we present a …
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Regulation of Chromosome Segregation by the Chromosomal Passenger Complex
<p>Life depends on faithful DNA segregation. The molecular underpinnings controlling this segregation are not fully understood. Here I describe the role of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) in the regulation of chromosome segregation, using Xenopus egg extracts. The CPC contains the kinase …
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Molecular Mechanisms of Mitotic Spindle Assembly and Accurate Chromosome Segregation
… two daughter cells in mitosis. The accuracy of chromosome segregation is essential as two daughter cells have the same genetic contents as the mother cell. Two major mechanisms are utilized by the cell to ensure accurate chromosome segregation. First, interactions between the dynamic …
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The drosophila ord gene, sister-chomatid cohesion, and chromosome segregation
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 1994.
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REGULATION OF CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION BY CONSERVED PHOSPHATASE CDC14 AND KINASE CDC5
… establishment of linkages between the duplicated chromosomes (sister chromatids) and their bi-orientation on the mitotic spindle. Chromosome segregation initiates only after each sisters pair is correctly aligned onto the microtubules emanating from the spindle poles. Next, Esp1-mediated cleavage …
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A role for the histone variant HTZ1 in meiotic chromosome segregation
… centromere structure and function, and chromosome segregation, a role for H2AZ in meiosis has not been investigated. The budding yeast Saccaromyces cerevisiae, a classical model for cell division studies, constitutes a highly amenable system in which to approach this question. In this …
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The role of ZW10 and its binding partners in chromosome segregation
… and fulfill several important functions during chromosome segregation. They attach chromosomes to microtubules of the mitotic spindle in a bipolar fashion and monitor the state of the kinetochore-microtubule attachment. In case errors are present, a monitoring mechanism, the spindle assembly …
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Insights into Shugoshin localization and function in S. cerevisiae chromosome segregation
Faithful chromosome segregation is crucial to the well being of organisms. In mitosis, the partitioning of chromosomes to daughter cells is monitored at many levels to ensure that identical genomic information is received. Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division during which two division …
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Mechanisms for maintaining genomic integrity during chromosome segregation in budding yeast
… organism's fitness and survival. Regulation of chromosome segregation requires complex surveillance mechanisms that vary for different loci within the genome. This thesis focuses on two complexes, monopolin (made up of Lrs4, Csml and Maml) and condensin, a protein complex required for chromosome …
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Regulation of meiosis I chromosome segregation by Spol3 and Cdc5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
… to the next generation. The reduction of chromosome number by half is brought about two chromosome segregation phases following a single DNA replication phase. In the first division, homologs segregate away from each other and in the second division the sister chromatids separate. These …
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Eukaryotic chromosome segregation: New aspects of separase regulation by securin, Cdk1, PP2A and auto-cleavage
The universal triggering event of eukaryotic chromosome segregation is the proteolytic cleavage of chromosomal cohesin by separase. The activity of this essential but potentially also very dangerous protease must be tightly controlled. Prior to the onset of anaphase separase is kept inactive by …
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Analyzing Sumo-2/3 Modification In Regulation Of Breast Cancer Progression And Mitotic Chromosome Segregation
<p>Roles of SUMOylation in cancer metastasis and mitotic progression has been elucidated in this thesis. This vital and dynamic post-translational modification has been known to be dysregulated in several kinds of cancer. Global SUMO-2/3 conjugation is upregulated in a mouse metastatic breast …
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The regulation of chromosome segregation by Aurora kinase, protein phosphatase 1 and nucleolar protein UTp7
… organization of kinetochore proteins and proper chromosome segregation. Utp7 associates with and regulates the localization of Sli15 and Cdc14. It prevents the abnormal localization of Sli15 on cytoplasmic microtubules, the premature concentration of Sli15 on the pre-anaphase spindle, and the …
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Mechanistic Insights into the Microtubule-Mediated Differential Modulations of Aurora B Substrate Structures for Accurate Chromosome Segregation
<p>Faithful chromosome segregation during eukaryotic cell division depends on the ability of sister kinetochores on duplicated chromatids to attach microtubules from opposite spindle poles. Failure in this process causes aneuploidy and drives cancer formation. To maintain genomic integrity, …
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The mechanism of chromosome segregation : genetics and cytology of the Drosophila mutants Dub, mei-S332 and ord
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 1997.
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Role of Molecular Motors and Maps in Spindle Dynamics and Chromosome Segregation in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces Pombe
… event in the life of a cell, where duplicated chromosomes are separated into the daughter cells. Defects associated with chromosome segregation can lead to aneuploidy, a hallmark of cancer. Chromosome segregation is achieved by the mitotic spindle, which is composed of microtubules (MTs), …
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