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Showing 1 to 9 of 9 for “"chromosome compaction"”.
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Linker Histone Medicated Regulation of Mitotic Chromosome Compaction and Individualization
<p>Mitotic chromosomes are scaled to the cell size to ensure effective chromosome segregation. Recent studies have shown how condensins and DNA topoisomerase II organize the mitotic chromosome. However, the regulation of these factors in maintaining proper chromosome size in different cell types …
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Investigating the mitotic roles of Topoisomerase 2 Alpha and Topoisomerase 2 Beta-Binding Protein 1 in the maintenance of chromosome structure and genome stability
… repair and recombination, but also in chromosome compaction and segregation during mitosis. In vertebrates, two isoforms of type IIA topoisomerase exist: topoisomerase 2 alpha (TOP2A) and topoisomerase 2 beta (TOP2B). Most differences reside in the C-terminal regions, which are crucial …
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Quantitative Analysis of the Structural Dynamics of Mitotic Chromosomes in Live Mammalian Cells
Chromatin, organized into individual chromosomes, is the physiological carrier of the genetic and epigenetic information in eukaryotes. In the nucleus of an intact cell, the structure of chromatin is dynamic and essential for genomic activities. The most dramatic changes in chromatin structure …
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Modeling Genome Organization in Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells Using Folding Determinant Interactions
… coli, I extend this approach to its circular chromosome by integrating Hi-C data. The analysis reveals how Ori/Ter asymmetry, macrodomains, and supercoiling-sensitive regions influence chromosome compaction and long-range contacts. Comparisons with experimental data confirm that a small subset …
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A role for the Bacillus subtilis Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (BsSMC) protein in chromosome organization and compaction
All cells must compact their chromosomes in order for the DNA to fit inside the cell or nucleus. In Bacillus subtilis, and other bacteria, replication occurs simultaneously with the organization, compaction and segregation of newly duplicated chromosomal regions. My work indicates that the B. …
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MET-2 and SET-25 have sexually dimorphic effects on chromosome structure in Caenorhabditis elegans
… the formation of haploid gametes. During meiosis chromosomes undergo two successive segregation events. Homologous chromosomes segregate in meiosis I and the sister chromatids subsequently segregate in meiosis II, leading to the production of egg and sperm with half the number of chromosomes of …
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Regulation of Chromosome Segregation by the Chromosomal Passenger Complex
… passenger complex (CPC) in the regulation of chromosome segregation, using Xenopus egg extracts. The CPC contains the kinase Aurora B, which is well known for its phosphorylation of serine 10 on histone H3 (H3S10). While this phosphorylation is a hallmark of M-phase, its functional …
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Functional analyses of hTel2 and TRF2 deltaB: Insights Into the Role of a New DNA Damage Pathway and Homologous Recombination in Mammalian Telomere Function
… cells that possessed disorganized metaphase chromosomes. The metaphase chromosomes of hTel2 depleted cells were curly suggesting that hTel2 played a role in chromosome compaction. A role for hTel2 in establishing chromatin structure during S-phase could explain its multiple localizations and …
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Genome organization by loop extrusion
… propagate in the same way - they duplicate their chromosomes and divide into two daughter cells, each containing one copy of each chromosome. Because of the extreme length of chromosomes, their two copies have be compacted in order to be successfully segregated from each other. The process of …