Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 24 for “"chemical warfare agent"”.
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Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Optical Properties and Interaction with Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants
… to develop materials to explore the optical and chemical properties of metal oxide nanoparticles. One potential application for nanomaterials is use in optical applications. The possibility of interparticle energy transfer was investigated for lanthanide-doped yttrium oxide nanoparticles using …
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The Reactivity of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants on Carbamate Functionalized Monolayers and Ordered Silsesquioxane Films
The reactivity of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and CWA simulants on organic and oxide surfaces is not currently well understood, but is of substantial importance to the development of effective sensors, filters and sorbent materials. Polyurethane coatings are used by the armed forces as chemical …
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Paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) for toxicological drug screens and biomonitoring of chemical warfare agent exposure
… 2) and the detection and quantitation of chemical warfare agent hydrolysis products (Chapter 3). Additionally, a positive ion drug screen is applied to the analysis of postmortem blood samples (Chapter 4), achieving rapid and effective screening of 137 different drugs ranging from …
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Interfacial Energy Transfer in Small Hydrocarbon Collisions with Organic Surfaces and the Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants within Metal-Organic Frameworks
… involved in the uptake and decomposition of chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants on or within metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The work presented here represents the first such study reported in with traditional surface-science based methods have been applied to the study of MOF chemistry. …
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The Binding of the Micronutrient Transition Metals to the Alkylation Products of Chemical Warfare Agent, Sulfur Mustard, and Thiols, Potentially Giving New Understanding to Physiological Effects of Exposure and Increased Toxicity
… the adducts formed by cysteine alkylation of the chemical weapon, sulfur mustard, were synthesized. It is shown that TTDPA forms complexes with key metal micronutrients: copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese, and zinc. Though the strength of binding to TTDPA varies, the complexes in many cases …
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Development of a Knudsen Cell Reactor for Measuring the Uptake of Atmospheric Gases on Particulate Matter
… the potential to impact important atmospheric chemical processes. However, little is known about the uptake and reactivity of volatile organic compounds on particulates found in the environment. A Knudsen cell was designed and constructed for providing precise measurement of reaction …
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Probing the Hydrogen Bonding Interaction at the Gas-Surface Interface using Dispersion Corrected Density Functional Theory
he interactions of the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard with amorphous silica were investigated using electronic structure calculations. In this thesis, the binding energies of sulfur mustard and mimic species used in the laboratory were calculated using density functional theory and fully ab …
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Functionalized multilayer thin films for protection against acutely toxic agents
… for protection against a range of acutely toxic chemicals, including several chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial compounds. First, Spray-LbL is used to deposit colloidally stable titanium dioxide nanoparticles versus several traditional synthetic polycations. The resulting coatings are …
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The Chemistry of Metal Oxyhydroxides and their 3D Porous Hybrid Materials for the Capture, Transport and Degradation of Toxic Chemicals
Growing concerns regarding chemical weapons and toxic chemicals require the development and testing of robust materials and methods to capture and destroy these harmful chemicals. This dissertation discusses the fundamental properties (e.g., structure, stability and activity) of metal oxyhydroxide …
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Functionalization and fabrication of single-walled carbon nanotube-based chemiresistors for sensory applications
Chemical sensors that identify and monitor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have an important role in assessing public security, food and water quality, industrial environment, and health. The fabrication of carbon-based sensors by printing, dip coating, drop casting, or drawing has advantages of …
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Spectroscopic Studies of Small Molecule Oxidation Mechanisms on Cu/TiO2 Aerogel Surfaces
… binding to Cu sites. The decomposition of the chemical warfare agent simulant dimethyl chlorophosphate was also investigated. A hydrolysis pathway to form the significantly less toxic molecule CH3Cl was observed, highlighting the unique promotional effects and chemistry on Cu/TiO2 aerogels. The …
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Reflection Absorption Infrared Spectroscopic Studies of Surface Chemistry Relevant to Chemical and Biological Warfare Agent Defense
… interfacial chemistry of surfaces relevant to chemical and biological warfare agent defense. Many strategies utilized by the military to detect and decompose chemical and biological warfare agents involve their interaction with surfaces. However, much of the chemistry that occurs at the …
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Spectroscopic Studies and Reaction Mechanisms of Small Molecule Oxidation over Metal Oxide-Supported Catalysts
Chemical warfare agents are a toxic class of compounds that are incredibly harmful to human health. Methods of detoxification and decontamination currently exist, however they all suffer from problems that involve logistical transport or involve technologies that directly address liquid threats …
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Manipulating Conjugation in electronic polymers and graphitic materials: chemosensors, precursor routes, and self-assembly
… and subsequent ionization upon exposure to chemical warfare agent (CWA) mimics. The resulting conjugated, cationic copolymer is intensely colored and facilitates spectroscopic and colorimetric detection of CWA mimics in solution and as a thin film. Similarly, we report the incorporation of …
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Computational Investigations at the Gas-Surface Interface: Organic Surface Oxidation and Hydrolysis of Chemical Warfare Agents and Simulants
… to atmospheric chemistry and protection against chemical weapons. To elucidate findings of ultra-high vacuum experiments that probe the oxidation of carbon-carbon double bonds on model surfaces, we used electronic structure and QM/MM methods to study the reaction of ozone with C60-fullerene and …
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Development of methods for the detection of chemical and biological warfare agents
… of weapons of mass destruction, be that chemical, explosives, or biological, and find unique ion signals for those materials. Chapter 2 examines how to improve the analytical capability of the pulsed glow discharge through an increased understanding of the ionization processes inherent to …
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Fundamental Studies of the Uptake and Diffusion of Sulfur Mustard Simulants within Zirconium-based Metal-Organic Frameworks
The threat of chemical warfare agent (CWA) attacks has persisted into the 21st century due to the actions of terror groups and rogue states. Traditional filtration strategies for soldier protection rely on high surface area activated carbon, but these materials merely trap CWAs through weak …
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Ultrahigh Vacuum Studies of the Fundamental Interactions of Chemical Warfare Agents and Their Simulants with Amorphous Silica
… fundamental understanding of the interactions of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) with surfaces is essential for the rational design of new sorbents, sensors, and decontamination strategies. The interactions of chemical warfare agent simulants, molecules which retain many of the same chemical or …
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Fabrication of electrospun TiO2/polymer composite nanofibers for photocatalysis and degradation of toxins
… as organic dyes, pharmaceutical pollution and chemical warfare agents (CWAs). To date the nerve agent, <em>O</em>-ethyl <em>S</em>-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate), also known as VX, is the world’s most lethal chemical substance. Some of these deadly nerve agents have been …
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Quartz Crystal Microbalance Studies of Dimethyl Methylphosphonate Sorption Into Trisilanolphenyl-Poss Films
… methods to detect, adsorb, and decompose chemical warfare agents (CWAs) is of critical importance to protecting military and civilian populations alike. The sorption of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a CWA simulant, into trisilanolphenyl-POSS (TPP) films has previously been …
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