Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 33 for “"brain circuits"”.
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Brain circuits for the representation of subjective reward value
… each potential action. Delineating the neural circuits involved in this process remains an important goal in systems neuroscience. However, little is known about the neural circuits that compute, or represent, low level primary reward signals. We have combined quantitative psychophysical …
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USING TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION TO EXAMINE AND MODULATE BRAIN CIRCUITS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
… etc.) suggests that deficits in these “fast” brain rhythms in the frontal lobe are common in schizophrenia and might be associated with its clinical symptoms, particularly cognitive dysfunction. These alterations are believed to reflect an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory function, …
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Activity-dependent integration and plasticity of new neurons during postnatal neurogenesis
… to become the building blocks for a variety of brain circuits. However, two brain regions only start to assemble during the postnatal period. Both brain areas, olfactory bulb and dentate gyrus, mainly accommodate the integration of new neurons during the postnatal period, and continuously …
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State Space Methods Using Biologically-Relevant Generative Models to Analyze Neural Signals
… in coordinating activity within and between brain circuits. Co-occurring broad-band, non-periodic signals are also ubiquitous in neural data and are thought to reflect the characteristics of population-level neuronal spiking activity. Identifying oscillatory activity distinct from broadband …
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Critical requirements for NMDA receptors in experience-dependent plasticity in the visual cortex
… removal of NMDA receptors from distinct circuits in the visual system can reveal a more specific requirement and identify circuits required for plasticity. Using this approach, I aimed to delineate the brain circuits involved in two forms of experience-dependent plasticity. First, I …
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Diverse Mechanisms Impair Thalamic Circuit Function in a Dravet Syndrome Mouse Model
… patients leads to imbalanced excitability across brain circuits, resulting in a broad phenotypic profile including drug-resistant convulsive and non-convulsive (absence) seizures, cognitive impairment, ataxia, and sleep disruption. Dysfunction in the somatosensory corticothalamic (CT) circuit …
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Error-Related Theta Dynamics and Single-Trial Cognitive Control in Sports-Related Concussion
… sports can sustain concussions that damage brain circuits important for cognitive control of behavior. When healthy participants err, a cascade of neural dynamics is apparent across the scalp, and this neural activity predicts participants’ learning from mistakes and inhibiting future …
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Enhanced striatal glutamatergic function upon chronic antipsychotic action
… is not well understood and the cell type(s) and brain circuits crucial for beneficial effects have not been conclusively identified. Here we show that chronic antipsychotic administration enhances glutamatergic function in the ventral striatum through translational alterations and increased …
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Structural and functional brain plasticity for statistical learning
… decisions, we know surprisingly little about the brain circuits and how they change when learning temporal regularities. In my thesis, I combine behavioural measurements, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) to investigate the structural and functional circuits that are …
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Towards optical connectomics : feasibility of 3D reconstruction of neural morphology using expansion microscopy and in situ molecular barcoding
… of the structures and functions of neural circuits. Optical microscopy has been a key technology for mapping brain circuits throughout the history of neuroscience due to its low cost, wide usage in biological sciences and ability to read out information-rich molecular signals. However, …
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Genetic and Neural Circuit Analyses of Sickness and Foraging Behaviors in C. elegans
… goal of neurobiology is to decipher how the brain generates behaviors. Neuromodulation of brain circuits is thought to be critical for animals to generate long-lasting behavioral states crucial for survival. However, our understanding of the specific mechanisms by which neuromodulators alter …
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EXPLORING PHYSIOLOGICAL, PATHOLOGICAL AND PARAPHYSIOLOGICAL BRAIN ACTIVITY ACROSS SCALES WITH SIMULTANEOUS INVASIVE AND NON-INVASIVE EEG
… (SEEG) to enhance understanding of brain electrophysiology in pathological, physiological and paraphysiological contexts. The combination of these two methods, known as "co-registration," leverages the high temporal resolution and full-brain coverage of hd-EEG with the spatial …
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Neural basis of private and social decision-making: new insights from transcranial ultrasound stimulation and multivariate analysis
… approach. To probe the causal role of specific brain circuits involved in social decisions, we used transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS). We found that the rostromedial prefrontal cortex (rmPFC) is involved in the integration of decision variables and that the precuneus/posterior cingulate …
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Monolingual and Bilingual Differences in Reinforcement Learning
… studies show that bilingualism trains specific brain circuits involved in flexible rule selection and application, while some do not find differences in cognitive performance between monolinguals and bilinguals at all. Given the above, the current study attempted to bridge the gap in the …
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Development Of Human Brain Network Architecture Underlying Executive Function
… to adulthood is characterized by refinements in brain structure and function that support the dynamic control of attention and goal-directed behavior. One broad domain of cognition that undergoes particularly protracted development is executive function, which encompasses diverse cognitive …
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3-D optical waveguide arrays for in-vivo optogenetics : development and application
A key feature of neural circuits in the mammalian brain is their 3-dimensional geometric complexity. The ability to optically drive or silence sets of neurons distributed throughout complexly shaped brain circuits, in a temporally precise fashion, would enable analysis of how sets of neurons in …
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Advancing Transcranial Focused Ultrasound for Noninvasive Neuromodulation of Human Cortex
… have been used widely in both the human body and brain for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Ultrasound can be controlled using specially designed transducers into a focus of a few millimeters in diameter. Low intensity ultrasound, such as used in imaging applications, appears to be safe in …
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The Role of DNA Methylation in Defining the Vocal Learning Transcriptome of the Zebra Finch
… birds relative to adjacent non-vocal motor circuits. Most notably, the RA song nucleus in the songbird is molecularly convergent with the human laryngeal motor cortex. What remains unknown, however, is how such striking molecular convergences came to be. One likely mechanism by which …
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WHEN LIGHTNING STRIKES THE BRAIN: INTEGRATED INFORMATION THEORY AND THE CAUSAL PERSPECTIVE
… for understanding consciousness and the brain. The first two studies focus on Integrated Information Theory (IIT), a theory of consciousness which takes subjective experience as its starting point and develops a physical account of consciousness based on the notion of cause-effect power. …
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Interaction of Quantal Inhibitory and Excitatory Neurotransmission in Regulation of Synaptic Homeostasis via Molecular Signaling
The processing and flow of information through brain circuits is undeniably shaped by individual neurons and synapses. The type of synapse between any two given neurons determines the reliability, speed, and strength of signal transfer. Therefore, studying the organization and signaling capacity of …
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