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Showing 1 to 19 of 19 for “"bone size"”.
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Genetics of Osteoporosis - Studies on bone size, structure and strength in the rat
Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mineral density (BMD) leading to reduced bone strength and increased fracture risk. Several heritable components affect a bone’s ability to resist fracture, including size, structure and strength; therefore identification of the genes underlying …
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Genetics Analysis of Bone Size Variation of Hip, Spine and Wrist in Human Pedigrees
Bone size is an important determinant of osteoporotic fracture. However, the importance of genetic factors in determining bone size variation is unknown. My purposes here are three-folded. 1) Estimate the heritability (h2) of bone size by adjusting for several significant factors such as age, sex …
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Effect of restricted growth rate and elevated levels of minerals and vitamins on feet and leg characteristics, soundness scores and metacarpal and metatarsal characteristics of growing boars
… (35, 122, 209 and 290 d of age) and at necropsy. Bone samples were obtained at necropsy. Toe measurements increased over time with outside toes larger than inside toes. The hind outside toe was consistently larger than the other toes. Mineral-vitamin level had little effect on toe measurements, …
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How do early environment, diet and physical activity interact to determine bone development in young children?
… & physical activity) in the determination of bone mineral accrual by aged 6 years, assessed by a) bone densitometry b) hip structural analysis c) pQCT measurement of the tibia in children born to mothers from the Southampton Women?s Survey.<br/><br/>Methods: Children were recruited at 6 years …
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SKELETAL EVIDENCE FOR ELITE CRAFT SPECIALIZATION AMONG THE TERMINAL CLASSIC MAYA OF COPÁN, HONDURAS
… if differing degrees of robusticity and bone size existed between these groups. Measurements of the shoulders and arms were utilized to determine differences. The presence of osteoarthritis and entheseal markers was also analyzed to assess activity levels in the upper and lower body. No …
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Exercise in Youth and Long-Term Effects on Bone and Joints
… Genetic contribution for the variance in bone mineral density (BMD) is estimated at around 60–80%, and for OA 50%, leaving a considerable proportion to environmental factors of which exercise is known to influence both. Most intervention studies have shown exercise-induced BMD benefits in …
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Statistical Modeling of Knee Morphology and Material Properties Considering Diverse Populations
… revealed literature-supported differences in bone size between the sexes and changes in bone material quality with age. While significant differences in bone morphology and bone quality among racial and ethnic groups were observed, further validation with a more balanced and robust training …
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RELATING TAPHONOMIC ANALYSIS OF BISON REMAINS TO CULTURAL AND SPATIAL INFERENCE: A STUDY OF THE FAUNAL REMAINS FROM THE TONGUE RIVER BUFFALO JUMP SITE (24RB2135)
… dated in order to assess the time frame of the bone beds discovered and well as to reconstruct the activities that created the bone bed(s). The radiocarbon dates suggest multiple kill events, ranging from Late Archaic to Late Prehistoric. A variety of data were collected, including taxon, …
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RELATING TAPHONOMIC ANALYSIS OF BISON REMAINS TO CULTURAL AND SPATIAL INFERENCE: A STUDY OF THE FAUNAL REMAINS FROM THE TONGUE RIVER BUFFALO JUMP SITE (24RB2135)
… dated in order to assess the time frame of the bone beds discovered and well as to reconstruct the activities that created the bone bed(s). The radiocarbon dates suggest multiple kill events, ranging from Late Archaic to Late Prehistoric. A variety of data were collected, including taxon, …
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The influence of two physical activity programs on bone and muscle health in youth with cerebral palsy and other neuromotor impairments.
… physical activity is crucial for building strong bones, especially during childhood and adolescence when bones grow rapidly. During this time, physical activity, muscle-bone interactions, and gravity help stimulate bone development. However, in conditions that limit mobility, such as cerebral …
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Quantitative Taphonomy of a Triassic Reptile: Tanytrachelos ahynis from the Cow Branch Formation, Dan River Basin, Solite Quarry, Virginia
… or absence of 128 skeletal elements (i.e., bones) as well as the presence or absence of 136 skeletal variables (i.e., morphometric dimensions) were recorded for 100 specimens collected from two distinct layers within the quarry (lake cycles 2 and 16). Anatomical specimen completeness (or the …
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The effects of dietary probiotic inclusion on skeletal health of poultry and its possible mechanisms
… studies have shown that probiotics improve bone health in humans and rodents with less information available on the skeletal health of avians given probiotics. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of probiotic supplementation on bone health of egg-laying and meat-type …
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Physical activity and its effect on bone in the short- and long- term perspective.
… thought to be an opportune time to build strong bones and the enhancement of peak bone mass (PBM) has been suggested as a prevention strategy for osteoporosis. Most exercise intervention studies in children, evaluating the accrual of areal bone mineral density (aBMD), include volunteers and use …
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Ontogeny and functional adaptation of trabecular bone in the human foot
Trabecular bone forms the internal scaffolding of most bones, and consists of a microscopic lattice-like structure of interconnected bony struts. Experimental work has demonstrated that trabecular bone adapts its structural rigidity and orientation in response to the strains placed upon the …
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Effects of restricted growth rate, elevated vitamin and mineral levels and aging on bone growth, histological integrity and biochemical composition of articular cartilage in boars
… NRC vs 100% NRC) and the effects of aging on bone growth, histological lesioning and biochemical composition of articular cartilage from growing boars was examined. Growth of the radius and tibia was characterized by radiography at eight equal time points from 110 to 330 d of age. Although ad …
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Effect of Physical Activity on Bone, Muscle and Fracture Risk during Growth
… mostly covering less than one year and use bone traits as surrogate endpoints for fractures. The Pediatric Osteoporosis Prevention (POP) study is a prospective, controlled exercise intervention study, which was designed to annually assess musculoskeletal development and fracture risk in …
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The Association between Bone Mineral Density, Lifestyle Factors, and Body Composition in a Fit College Population
… dissertation was to explore the determinants of bone mineral density and weight change in a fit, college-aged population. Specifically, this dissertation is a series of four papers that examined the determinants of bone mineral density (BMD) at multiple skeletal sites in men and women at college …
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Risk factors for bone fragility and fracture in postmenopausal women
… of this thesis was to evaluate risk factors for bone fragility and fractures in postmenopausal women in a long-term perspective. The study period spanned from the age of 48 to age 82 and is thus unique in its length. The studied sample was homogeneous and consisted of 390 north European women …
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Bone Mass from Childhood to Adulthood
Attaining high peak bone mass (PBM), the highest bone mass value in life which is reached in young adulthood, is important as it reduces the risk of having low bone mass in old age69, 80. Low bone mass is associated with high fracture risk3, 60. Osteoporosis is the result of bone loss, a …