Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 17 of 17 for “"bipolar cells"”.
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Characterization Of High-Voltage-Activated Calcium Channels In Retinal Bipolar Cells
<p>Retinal bipolar cells, conveying visual information from photoreceptors to ganglion cells, segregate visual information into multiple parallel pathways through their diversified cell types and physiological properties. Voltage-gated Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels could be particularly important …
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The Impact of Calcium Binding Protein 5 (CaBP5) on Synaptic Vesicle Dynamics in Rod Bipolar Cells in the Retina
… protein, specifically expressed in rod bipolar cells and in type 3 OFF and type 5 ON cone bipolar cells. Rod bipolar cells (RBCs) are essential for rod pathway signaling in the vertebrate retina, and they form ribbon style synapses that enable the continuous transmission of visual …
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Retinal development and age related degeneration following gestational lead exposure
… retinal neurons: rod photoreceptors and bipolar cells. The present goals were to examine: 1) the spatiotemporal differentiation and functional development of these two cell types, 2) the profile of glutamatergic responses in developing retina prior to canonical synaptic function, and 3) …
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A connectomic analysis of the directional selectivity circuit in the mouse retina
… DS has long been observed in retinal ganglion cells, and more recently confirmed in the starburst amacrine cell. Upstream retinal bipolar cells, however, have been shown to lac, indicating that the mechanism that gives rise to DS lies in the inner plexiform layer, where the axons of bipolar …
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Effects of the OTX2ECR2 enhancer & PROX1 overexpression in murine retina development
<p>There is a large subset of retinal progenitor cells that upregulate the <em>OTX2</em> gene in the developing retina of the mouse. OTX2 is a homeobox transcription factor important for the development of photoreceptors and bipolar cells. If OTX2 is knocked out, photoreceptors and bipolar cells …
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Precision and reliability of cochlear nerve response in mice lacking functional synaptic ribbons
… presynaptic membrane of photoreceptors, retinal bipolar cells and hair cells. Ribbon synapses are characterized by sustained exocytosis that is graded with stimulus intensity and can achieve high release rates. Leading hypotheses implicate the ribbon in maintenance of a large readily releasable …
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Protein-Protein Interactions That Regulate Neurotransmitter Release From Retinal Ribbon Synapses
… from Retinal Ribbon Synapses Photoreceptors and bipolar cells in the retina form specialized chemical synapses called ribbon synapses. This type of synapse differs physiologically from “conventional” chemical synapses. While “conventional” synapses exocytose neurotransmitter-filled vesicles in an …
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Direct Inputs to off Α and G9 Ganglion Cells From Aii Amacrine Cells In Rabbit Retina
In the mammalian retina, AII amacrine cells are essential in the rod pathway for dark-adapted vision. But they also have a “day job”, to provide inhibitory inputs to certain OFF ganglion cells in photopic conditions. This is known as crossover inhibition. Physiological evidence from several …
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Effect of Drugs on Rabbit Retina
… injection of all three VEGF inhibitors. Rod bipolar cells were affected in the groups injected with pegaptanib and ranibizumab, but not with bevacizumab. Triamcinolone acetonide is a corticosteroid with depot properties, used for intramuscular and intraarticular injections. In Europe, …
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The Neurogenic Capacity of Müller Glia and Synaptic Remodeling in the Mammalian Retina: Implications for Regenerative Therapies
… In addition to Müller glial genes, ImM10 cells express some genes characteristic of retinal progenitor cells. Following treatment with specific growth factors and media supplements, a subset of Müller glia acquired a more neuronal morphology and expressed neuronal genes. To determine the …
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S-nitrosylation mediates synaptic plasticity in the retina
… that selectively increases the output of Mb-type bipolar cells in the goldfish retina in response to weak inputs but leaves the input-output ratio for strong stimuli unaffected. Importantly, the NO action resulted in a weighted potentiation of Mb output in response to small (≤-30 mV) …
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Signaling Mechanisms That Control Gap Junctional Coupling Between Retinal Neurons
… driven by depolarization of presynaptic ON-type bipolar cells as well as background light increments. This increase in phosphorylation is mediated by activation of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors associated with Cx36 gap junctions on AII amacrine cells and by Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase …
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Calcium-dependent mechanisms in the chicken retina
Multiple classes of retinal amacrine cells use L-type Ca2+ channels to mediate synaptic transmission. I have used whole cell voltage clamp recordings from primary cultures of amacrine cells to investigate the regulation of these channels. In this study, I show that inhibiting mitochondrial calcium …
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The Role of Transcription Factors in Regulating Adult Neurogenesis after Excitotoxic Brain Injury
… is well documented in many injury models, cells of the correct lineage for endogenous repair are not always regenerated. To understand why, the molecular profile of subventricular zone (SVZ)-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs), and their response to injury was investigated. Expression of …
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Characterization of Retinal Defects in Engrailed-2 Knockout (En2-/-) Mice, a Model for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
… of Calbindin (Calbindin+) positive horizontal cells, and a significantly increased number of Calbindin+ amacrine/ganglion cells. The number of Brn-3a (Brn-3a+) positive ganglion cells displayed no difference with respect to wild-type littermates. In addition, En2-/- adult mice showed a …
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THE ROLE OF R7 REGULATORS OF G PROTEIN SIGNALING IN THE RETINA
… splicing and is expressed in many other retinal cells. Gβ5L is barely detectable in RGS9-/- mice suggesting that Gβ5L has a protein degradation signal conferring instability in the absence of RGS9. To study the role of exon 1 of Gβ5L, we replaced Gβ5L with Gβ5S in rods by expressing transgenic …
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Cloning and functional characterization of novel genes expressed preferentially in the human retina
… types including rod and cone photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, amacrine cells, horizontal cells and Müller glia. In response to light, a coordinated series of molecular events, the so-called phototransduction cascade, is triggered in photoreceptor cells and the signals from the …