Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 25 for “"antiviral immunity"”.
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Autophagy in Antiviral Immunity
… evidence that autophagy functions in innate immunity to viruses. In the second study, we found that the host autophagy gene Atg5 was required to protect against lethal Sindbis virus CNS diseases, and that autophagy targeted viral proteins for degradation in brains of infected mice and cells …
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Identification and Characterization of Auxiliary Factors in Innate Antiviral Immunity
… of IRF3 and subsequent type I interferon (IFN) antiviral response. This intrinsic protective mechanism is orchestrated by a host of positive and negative regulators, which collectively govern the magnitude and duration of antiviral signaling. SRMS (Src-related kinase lacking C-terminal …
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Subversion of innate antiviral immunity by SARS-CoV-2: An example from the study of nonstructural protein 16.
… of SARS-CoV-2 NSP16 to evading host innate immunity and suggest a possible target for future antiviral therapies.
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DISSECTION OF HOST-VIRUS INTERACTIONS IN THE HUMAN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
… lead to severe neurological deficits, despite antiviral treatment. Neurotropic viruses cause viral encephalitis due to their ability to invade the central nervous system (CNS), and the most common cause is HSV-1. Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) have demonstrated that neuron, cell …
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UNDERSTANDING PLACENTAL IMMUNITY: CYTOKINE CONTROL OF CONGENITAL VIRAL INFECTION
… defenses including the constitutive secretion of antiviral factors called cytokines. Previous work has identified antiviral cytokines in the placenta that restrict congenital viral infections without inducing excessive inflammation or immune pathology, such as Type III interferons (IFNλ). However, …
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Modulation of Alphaviruses by Small RNAs
… rely on small RNA pathways as an adaptive antiviral defense. The canonical antiviral response in these organisms involves dicer enzymes that cleave viral double-stranded RNA replicative intermediates (RIs) into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs; ~21-24 nucleotides). One strand of the siRNA …
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Prenylation in cell-intrinsic innate immunity to positive-strand RNA viruses
Cell intrinsic antiviral immunity is a critical facet of the innate immune response to viruses. Since virtually every subcellular compartment can be utilized by viruses for replication, antiviral factors must also be positioned in these compartments to effectively interact with various viral …
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Characterization of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase expression in human macrophages
… (CH25H) has been shown to exert broad antiviral properties. Given its antiviral activities, CH25H is part of an increasingly appreciated connection between type I interferon (IFN-I) and lipid metabolism. Moreover, the details of this connection appear to differ in mouse and human cells. …
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A Host Regulatory Circuit of HSV Gene Expression
… It is well established that STING mediates antiviral immunity by inducing type I IFN. Additionally, STING activates autophagy to regulate HSV-1 replication. While poorly understood, STING is also reported to limit HSV-1 replication independently of IFN. However, exactly how STING inhibits …
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Regulation of Effector and Memory Development of Human CD4+ T Cells by Interleukin 12 and Type I Interferon
… bacterial clearance, can directly participate in antiviral immunity via a signaling pathway which involves the type I IFN receptor. Finally, a combination of IL-12 and IFN-alpha influences memory CD4+ T cell function by strongly inducing IL-2 secretion from a subset of cells in a T-bet-independent …
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The Interferon Stimulated Gene Product Lymphocyte Antigen 6 Complex, Locus E Promotes Entry of a Subset of Diverse RNA Viruses and Inhibits Infection by Coronaviruses
Interferons (IFNs) contribute to cell-intrinsic antiviral immunity by inducing hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG). In a screen to identify novel antiviral factors, the Schoggins lab unexpectedly uncovered a subset of genes that enhanced viral infection. Here, I describe my personal efforts to …
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Age-Dependent Variability in Immune Host Responses to SARS-CoV-2: Implications for Inclusive Clinical Trial Design
… increasing age. Given the evidence of impaired antiviral immunity in aged models, we also evaluated the representation of older adults in COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials to assess whether key age-associated immune differences are being adequately captured in clinical research. In Chapter 1, we …
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Identification and Characterisation of Human Cytomegalovirus-Mediated Degradation of Helicase-Like Transcription Factor
… host factors that are important in innate antiviral immunity in order to infect successfully. To systematically identify host proteins targeted for early degradation by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), the lab developed orthogonal screens using high resolution multiplexed mass spectrometry. …
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Interferons in Influenza A Virus and Streptococcus Pneumoniae Co-Pathogenesis
… induced interferons (IFN) play a crucial role in antiviral immunity. However, recent reports have indicated that influenza-induced IFN-I and IFN- γ signaling suppress innate antibacterial immunity by distinct mechanisms, thereby increasing host susceptibility to secondary bacterial pneumonia. …
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Reading Between the Strands: Deciphering Double Stranded RNA-Based Immune Responses in Mosquito-Virus Interactions
… to viral infection remain poorly understood. Antiviral immunity in mosquitoes is initiated by the recognition of viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns, with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a replication intermediate of many viruses, serving as a key immunostimulatory signal. While RNA …
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Understanding Host Antiviral Signaling Pathways
… also other molecular components involved in the antiviral signaling pathway. A bioinformatics approach led to the identification of a CARD domain containing protein, termed MAVS (Mitochondrial AntiViral Signaling protein) that functions downstream of RIG-I in the antiviral signaling pathway. …
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Characterisation of Novel Secreted Antiviral Factors to Human Cytomegalovirus
… the virus includes the action of intrinsic antiviral restriction factors, NK cells, neutralising antibodies and polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Although critical roles have been established for the antiviral cytokines IFNγ and TNFα during HCMV infection, the contribution of soluble …
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Exploring antiviral effector cells in vaccinia virus-infected tissues
… virus-infected cells in tissues. To understand antiviral immunity in critical barrier tissues, this study investigated the spatial organisation of both leukocytes and VACV-infected cells in two different models: epicutaneous infection of the skin and a newly developed model of mouse lip (labial …
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Investigation of Diverse CARF Effectors in Type III CRISPR - Cas Immunity
… in the effector domain, which then provides immunity on a community level by inducing a growth arrest of individual infected cells. In my doctoral studies, I have characterized novel CARF effectors and also investigated the role of canonical CARF effector, Csm6, in mediating immunity against …
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Characterization of pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection
… with two main pathways involved with anti-viral immunity, the NFB and interferon pathways, downregulating them to keep off-target tissue damage at bay. NLRX1 is also involved in several other cellular processes, including modulating cell death processes and cellular metabolism which can also …
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