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Showing 1 to 20 of 22 for “"antibody affinity"”.
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Selection Dynamics in the Germinal Center During Antibody Affinity Maturation
<p>The maturation of antibody affinity during the immune response, discovered as a serological phenomenon in 1964, is critical to the development of high affinity humoral immunity. This process takes place in germinal centers (GCs), which are microanatomical structures composed of antigen-specific …
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In Vitro Evolution of Antibody Affinity using Libraries with Insertions and Deletions
… that defines the structural diversity of the antibody antigen combining site is the length variation of the complementarity determining region (CDR) loops. Following antigen stimulation, further diversification through the process called somatic hypermutation (SHM) leads to antibodies with …
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The Function of PTPN22 and the Autoimmune Risk Variant LypW in Immune Responses to Vaccination
High-affinity antibody production, T cell activation, and Interferon upregulation all contribute to protective immunity that occurs in humans following influenza immunization. Hematopoietic cell-specific PTPN22 encodes Lymphoid Phosphatase (Lyp), which regulates lymphocyte antigen receptor and …
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Structure, Function, and Diversity of Monoclonal Anti-Fluorescyl Antibodies
The structural basis of antibody affinity and the mechanism by which IgG antibodies undergo increases in affinity with time (maturation) during the immune response were examined using a fluorescein hapten system in conjunction with hybridoma methodology. Monoclonal anti-fluorescyl IgG antibodies …
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Hapten Binding by Lymphocyte Surface Immunoglobulin and the Subsequent Implications for Affinity Maturation
… immunoglobulin (smIg) in the elicitation of affinity maturation has been approached from a number of possible considerations. The salient features are summarized. First, retention time of antigen by membrane associated smIg involves assessment of geometric and probabilistic arguments, in …
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Mechanisms Underpinning Functional Resident Humoral Lung Immunity
… are functionally competent and can support antibody affinity maturation is unknown. This project aims to elucidate key differences between classic and ectopic germinal centres which may inform how we can improve medical interventions to enhance humoral protection against autoimmunity and …
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Purification of Vitamin D Binding Protein and Its Role in the Uptake of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D by Cultured Kidney Cells (Mdck Cells, Tissue Culture, Dbp)
… bromide-activated Sepharose 4B. With this antibody affinity column, DBP was isolated fron pig plasma to a purity similar to that in the initial purification in a one-step procedure. Holo- and apo-DBP did not co-chromatograph upon chromatofocusing, which was used to separate the two forms. …
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Dissecting the role of RNA helicase DDX3X in mRNA translation and B-cell function during immune responses
… centre structures are the primary sites of antibody affinity maturation and a common site of B-cell lymphomagenesis. Mutations in DEAD-box helicase 3X (DDX3X) have previously been found in B-cell lymphomas driven by the transcription factor MYC. Reduced DDX3X function buffers the effect of …
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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance for diagnostic antibody detection
The successful use of biomarker antibody detection for disease diagnosis is currently restricted to cases where the antibody affinity and specificity of interaction with antigen is high. Evanescent field biosensing, e.g. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), and electrochemical detection, in particular …
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Tunable Microchips for Imaging Protein Structures formed in Breast Cancer Cells
… This strategy presents a viable alternative to antibody affinity columns that require stringent elution steps to obtain protein complexes from the column. Another advantage of the microchip strategy is that it requires only a 30-minute nuclear extraction, a 60-minute enrichment procedure, and a …
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Quantitative analysis of perivascular antibody distribution in solid tumors
… as a function of quantitative parameters of the antibody and associated antigen. A novel experimental system to quantitatively determine bound antibody levels, antigen levels, and blood vessel localization on a microscopic scale throughout entire tumor cross sections has been developed. This …
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A 450K arsenite-binding protein of the rabbit liver cytosol
… proteins and this was attributed to its affinity for protein sulfhydryls. Ammonium sulfate precipitation of cytosolic proteins revealed three arsenite-binding proteins (AsBPs) with molecular weights of 100K, 450K and >2000K as determined by size-exclusion chromatography. Similar-sized …
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Characterisation of Alloantibody-Human Leukocyte Antigen Interactions to Improve Immunological Risk Assessment in Solid Organ Transplantation
Antibody mediated rejection remains a major challenge in solid organ transplantation, where the development of immunoassays for characterisation a recipient’s donor HLA-specific antibodies has revolutionised the field of solid organ transplantation. These immunoassays are essential for patient …
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Engineering antibodies for improved targeting of solid tumors
… the transport phenomena that contribute to poor antibody distribution in tumors, and engineer novel antibody variants with improved targeting properties. Previous studies identified a core set of parameters that impact tumor uptake including antibody size, binding affinity, plasma clearance rate, …
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Improving efficacy of therapeutics by enhancing delivery using chemical engineering
… The antibodies generated were also of higher affinity. By improving antibody affinity and titer, this work may make existing vaccines for diseases such as HIV sufficiently efficacious to use in humans. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in both developed and developing countries, and …
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Precision Adjuvant Design Enabling Tailored Nanoparticle Immunization Platforms for Oxycodone and Other Substance Abuse Vaccines
… hNP formulation elicited higher anti‑oxycodone antibody titers, enhanced peripheral drug sequestration, and markedly lowered brain oxycodone levels in mice. Subsequent encapsulation of IFN‑γ in combination with the TLR agonists polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (TLR3 agonist) or resiquimod (TLR7/8 …
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B Cell Receptor Signalng in Germinal Centers
… of B cell clonal expansion, diversification, and antibody affinity selection. This process is limited and directed by T follicular helper cells that provide helper signals to B cells that endocytose, process, and present cognate antigens in proportion to receptor affinity. GCs play a crucial role …
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Biophysical studies of TIMP-1
… and a TIMP-l derived peptide. A monoclonal antibody affinity column was developed and used to purifY large quantities of human TIMP-l for further experiments. Two E.coli expression systems were studied to determine whether they would be suitable for large scale production of recombinant …
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Recording Cellular Interactions in Germinal Centers and Beyond
… critical information. During infection, the affinity of circulating serum antibodies increases over time in a process known as antibody affinity maturation. This phenomenon is driven by the positive selection of B cells expressing higher-affinity B cell receptors (BCRs) to expand and occurs …
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Post Translational Regulation of AID Targeting to Both Strands of a Transcribed DNA Substrate
… Deaminase (AID) contributes to the generation of antibody affinity by participating in two reactions, class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM). Both reactions occur after VDJ recombination, subsequent to antigen exposure. During CSR, a deletion and recombination event occur …
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