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Showing 1 to 20 of 56 for “"adenylyl cyclase"”.
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Novel Modulation of Adenylyl Cyclase Type 2
<p>Adenylyl cyclase isoforms are distinctly modulated by G protein subunits and are therefore hypothesized to be uniquely regulated by proteins that influence G protein signaling. Activator of G protein signaling 3 (AGS3) is a G protein modulator that binds Gαi subunits in the GDP-bound state, …
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Adenylyl Cyclase Type 9: Regulation and Cardiac Function
… β-adrenergic stimulation is propagated by adenylyl cyclase (AC). AC synthesizes cyclic AMP (cAMP), an important second messenger that initiates signaling pathways to modulate physiological and pathophysiological functions of the heart, including the activation of PKA and subsequent …
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Strukturelle und biochemische Charakterisierung der humanen löslichen Adenylyl-Cyclase
… In Säugern wird cAMP von neun transmembranen Adenylyl-Cyclasen (tmACs), aber nur eine lösliche Cyclase (sAC), synthetisiert. Ausschließlich die lösliche Adenylyl-Cyclase wird dabei durch Bicarbonat aktiviert und wirkt daher als zellulärer Sensor für Bicarbonat. Darüber hinaus reagiert die …
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Characterization of Selective Inhibition of Adenylyl Cyclase Activity By Small Molecule Inhibitor Nky80
<p>The nine membrane-bound isoforms of adenylyl cyclase (AC), via synthesis of the signaling molecule cyclic AMP (cAMP), are involved in many isoform specific physiological functions. Decreasing AC5 activity has been shown to have potential therapeutic benefit, including reduced stress on the …
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Isoform Selective Regulation of Adenylyl Cyclase By Small Molecule Inhibitors and Gbetagamma Protein
<p>The nine membrane-bound isoforms of adenylyl cyclase (AC), via synthesis of the signaling molecule cyclic AMP (cAMP), are involved in many isoform specific physiological functions. All nine isoforms share a similar structural organization; thus, AC isoform differences in physiological function …
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Adenylyl Cyclase 2 Selectively Regulates IL-6 Expression in Human Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells
<p>Adenylyl cyclase (AC) catalyzes the formation of the ubiquitous second messenger cAMP. AC isoforms differ in their tissue distribution, cellular localization, regulation, and protein interactions, and most cells express multiple isoforms. We hypothesized that cAMP produced by different AC …
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Hormone Stimulable Adenylyl Cyclase Activity in Ovarian Granulosa Cells of the Domestic Hen (Gallus Domesticus)
The hormone stimulable AC of chicken granulosa cells was characterized and was found to be similar to that of mammalian reproductive tissues under the conditions tested. A principal difference, however, is the stability of the enzyme. Gonadotropin dose response studies suggest that there is an …
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Structural Characterisation of the Catalytic Core of the Class III Adenylyl Cyclase Rv0386 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
… Interesse an mycobakteriellen Adenylat-Zyklasen (Adenylyl Cyclases, ACs), die den universellen second messenger cAMP herstellen, ist groß, insbesondere weil regulatorische Prozesse, an denen cAMP beteiligt ist, lebenswichtig für dieses Pathogen zu sein scheinen. Man findet erhöhte cAMP …
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Allosteric Determinants of Guanine Nucleotide Binding Proteins and Methods to Crystallize the Cytosolic Domains of Adenylyl Cyclase
The cytosolic domains of mammalian adenylyl cyclases, termed C1 and C2, are responsible for catalytic activity and most regulatory properties. Crystal structures of the soluble catalytic core of adenylyl cyclase bound to activators Gsa and forskolin were previously determined. However, structural …
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The CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) Channel: Anion Permeation, and Regulation by Adenylyl Cyclase and ATP Hydrolysis
… cAMP levels, we examined the interaction of the adenylyl cyclase (AC) modulators forskolin (Fsk), and the GTP-binding proteins G<sub>s</sub> and G<sub>i</sub>. In the presence of GTP, maximal activation of G<sub>i</sub> using the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist carbachol (CCh) reduced …
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Role of an Adenylyl Cyclase Isoform in Alcohol's Effect on Cyclic AMP Regulated Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells
… that ethanol enhances the activity of adenylyl cyclase (AC) in an isoform-specific manner; type 7 AC (AC7) is most enhanced by ethanol. Therefore, we hypothesize that the AC isoform expressed in the cells will play a role in ethanol’s effects on cAMP regulated gene expression. We …
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THE IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL INORGANIC CARBON SENSITIVE ENZYMES
Adenylyl cyclase catalyses the formation of the second messenger adenosine-3’, 5’-monophosphate from adenosine triphosphate, and is involved in a number of diverse signalling pathways in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Adenylyl cyclases are diverse in their structure and biochemistry, and have been …
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The regulation of the CAMP signalling pathway in the human pathogenic fungus, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
… signals from G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). Adenylyl cyclase acts downstream of these G proteins. Get subunits are required to regulate the activity of adenylyl cyclase (AC), which controls the level of cellular cAMP (lvey and Hoffman, 2005). Protein Kinase A (PKA), which is activated by …
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Effects of Neuropeptide Y on Adipocyte Metabolism
… This potentiation occurred upstream of adenylyl cyclase, since NPY did not enhance forskolin (direct activator of adenylyl cyclase) stimulated lipolysis. The potentiation was mediated by increased phosphorylation of hormone sensitive lipase. In contrast, NPY did not alter the expression …
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Sex differences in the cardiac beta-adrenergic receptor contractile response
… in the isolated heart to investigate the role of adenylyl cyclase, phosphodiesterase and the cAMP signaling cascade, respectively, in generating sex differences in the &beta-adrenergic contractile response. There were essentially no sex differences in the contractile responses to FSK, IBMX or …
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Pharmacological Studies of the Signal Transduction Pathways of the a 1a-Adrenbrgic Receptor Subtype
… cpa-ARs couple to phosphoinositide hydrolysis, adenylyl cyclase, and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPR) pathways. In some systems, the adenylyl cyclase pathway, including adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PRA), inhibits activation of extracellular-signal …
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Syntheses of natural bioactive 3-acyltetramic acids and derivatives
… last part involved the synthesis of potential adenylyl cyclase inhibitors and their biochemical evaluation. The main tasks of this thesis revolved around the natural product macrocidin A and its analogues (incorporating different ring sizes or additional donor atoms in the side chain). …
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Heterotrimeric G protein beta:gamma bound to a biologically active peptide : structural definition of a preferred protein interaction surface
… pathways, including visual transduction and adenylyl cyclase regulation. Heterotrimers are composed of α, β, and γ subunits. Gα is a guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase); Gβ and Gγ have no intrinsic enzymatic activity and form an obligate heterodimer that participates in independent signaling …
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Cellular pathways of angiotensin II signalling in the hypertrophic myocardium
… hypertrophic Dahl S rats were probed along the adenylyl cyclase-cAMP axis for effects induced by ATII. ATII induced a concentration and time - dependent inhibition of beta receptor stimulated increase in cAMP concentration in Dahl R ventricular myocytes. However, in hypertrophic Dahl S …
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Structure and dynamics of soluble guanylyl cyclase
Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is one of the key enzymes involved in many fundamental biological processes including vasodilatation. It can be allosterically activated by synthetic compound such as YC-l. Recently, the 3D structure of adenylyl cyclase (AC), which is a homologue of sGC, was …
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