Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 71 for “"actomyosin"”.
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Actomyosin Contractility in Nonmuscle Cells
<p>Forces and stresses generated by the action of myosin minifilaments are analyzed via simulation of their motion in idealized computer-generated random, isotropic actin networks and actin bundles. The networks and bundles are generated as random collections of actin filaments in two dimensions …
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Mechanisms of Actomyosin Contractility in Cells
… the contraction mechanisms of actomyosin structures in nonmuscle cells are relatively obscure. Here we elucidate the contraction mechanisms of two prominent and related actomyosin structures: the contractile ring, which constricts to divide the cell during cytokinesis, and the …
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Mechanochemical pattern formation in the cellular actomyosin cortex
… cell mechanics and biochemical patterns in the actomyosin cortex of Patiria miniata sea star oocytes. This is an ideal biological model system for exploring the interactions between biochemical patterning and mechanical deformations in evolving mechanochemical systems in vivo due to their …
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Organizing morphogenesis: Mechanisms of actomyosin patterning by RhoGTPase signaling
… of two transcriptional tissue patterns sets up actomyosin distribution. This tissue-level actomyosin pattern is tuned by the balance of two RhoA GTPase regulators, RhoGEF2 and C-GAP and in turn regulates the curvature of the resulting fold. We then investigated how myosin organization on the …
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Studies on actomyosin crossbridge flexibility using a new single molecule assay.
… exist in the muscle crossbridge including the actomyosin binding site which play important roles in the actomyosin crossbridge cycle. To distinguish between these sources of flexibility, a new single molecule assay was developed to observe the swiveling of rod about a single myosin. Myosins …
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Probing the regulatory mechanisms of the actomyosin system in motile cells
Actin-based directional motility is important for embryonic development, wound healing, immune responses, and development of tissues. Actin and myosin are essential players in this process that can be subdivided into protrusion, adhesion, and traction. Protrusion is the forward movement of the …
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CELL GEOMETRIC CONSTRAINTS REGULATE NUCLEAR AND CHROMATIN PLASTICITY VIA ACTOMYOSIN CONTRACTILITY
Extracellular mechanical signals (EMS) can regulate nuclear morphology and chromatin dynamics via the physical link from focal adhesions to chromatin via the cytoskeleton, linker proteins on the nuclear envelope and the nuclear lamina. However, how such force transmission from cytoskeleton to the …
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INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONTRACTILITY AND DYNAMICS OF ACTOMYOSIN SYSTEM IN NON-MUSCLE CELLS
Contractile actomyosin systems in non-muscle cells are essential for a variety of cellular processes including adhesion and morphogenesis. However, how actin dynamics (in particular, incorporation-dissociation driven flow along the fibers) and myosin dependent contractility are related to each …
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The role of actomyosin contractility in zebrafish neural tube formation through hollowing.
… hollowing lumen formation. While the role of actomyosin contractility is well understood in primary neurulation, for example through constriction of apical-lateral junctions to mediate neural plate bending, its role in secondary neurulation is less clear. In this thesis, I investigated the …
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Adherens Junctions and The Actomyosin Network Regulate Organ Growth By Modulating Hippo Pathway Activity In Drosophila
… activity.</p> <p>Non-muscle myosin II is an actomyosin component that interacts with the actin. Non-muscle myosin II also interacts with lgl, though the function of this interaction is not clear. Our lab demonstrated that modulating F-actin regulates Hippo pathway activity, and <em>lgl</em> …
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The Role of Zasp52 in the Morphogenesis of the Drosophila melanogaster Embryo
Actomyosin cables are supracellular structures present during the development of many metazoans. After their initial description during wound healing in chick embryos, they have now been observed in diverse morphogenetic processes. It is currently unknown whether all supracellular actomyosin …
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A Kinetic Investigation of the Mechanism of Muscle Contraction with a Series of Nucleotides
… myosin filaments along actin filaments. Although actomyosin naturally uses ATP as an energy source, it can also use other nucleoside triphosphates (NTP) as substrates. In this work, the dependence of rate and equilibrium constants of the various steps in the muscle contraction mechanism upon …
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The spatial organization of the microtubule cytoskeleton and cell divisions promotes tissue morphogenesis
… forces generated from distinctly organized actomyosin networks. How cells coordinate their behaviors and how different cell behaviors interact to affect tissue shape remain long-standing questions in developmental biology. One way that a single cell behavior can be coordinated, such as …
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The Role of the Discoidin Domain Receptor-1 (DDR1) in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell (VSMC) Mechanosensing
… and transmitted through the cytoskeleton by actomyosin contractility. The work presented in this thesis identifies how Discoidin Domain Receptor-1 (DDR1) mediates stiffness sensing and how this influences vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification. In the first study, experiments in …
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Investigating the mechanisms and the temporal regulation of the first cell polarity establishment in the mouse embryo
… into two major phases: in the first phase actomyosin complex became polarised to the cell-contact free surface; and in the second phase apical proteins recruited to the actomyosin enriched cell-contact free cortex, they further became centralised in the cell-contact free surface, excluding …
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k-Opioid Receptor Dependent Cardioprotection in the Rat
… contractile recovery and myofibrillar actomyosin Mg2+ATPase activity in isolated rat hearts. Pre-ischemic treatment with the k-opioid receptor agonist U50,488 (U50, 1 mM) improved post-ischemic left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) by 35% over control hearts. Non-ischemic and …
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An analysis of the role of microtubules during tubulogenesis in Drosophila
… Wild type cells generate an apical medial actomyosin meshwork that likely drives apical constriction. MT ends present at the apical surface colocalise with apical medial actomyosin, and cells lacking MTs fail to maintain apical medial actomyosin. This indicates crosstalk between the MT and …
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The rigor bond’s interaction with protein denaturation : effects on water-holding of myofibrils
… on water-holding capacity by breaking the actomyosin bonds that were formed during rigor process and examining the dissociation of actomyosin bonds’ influence on rheological features of myofibrils in suspension. In this study the rigor bonds’ influences on water-holding capacity were …
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Taking shape : the path to myosin activation in the Drosophila ventral furrow
… create the correct shapes. Force generation by actomyosin networks is a major driver of morphogenesis across many systems. The organization of actomyosin networks across multiple length scales is critical in generating biological form, including the Drosophila melanogaster ventral furrow. Using …
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A Nuclear Mechanoresponse to Morphogenesis Drives Acquisition of Neuroectoderm Lineage Competence During Pluripotent Cell Differentiation
… complex can transduce morphogenesis-associated, actomyosin-generated cellular forces to the nucleus and influence cell state. Nuclear mechanosensitivity can result in changes a cell’s molecular-epigenetic state and regulate gene expression during differentiation, thereby influencing cell fate. …
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