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Showing 1 to 20 of 65 for “"West Nile virus (WNV)"”.
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Linking mosquito midgut and virus population biology at the molecular and cellular level
… to transmission that may impose bottlenecks on virus populations. West Nile virus (WNV) is maintained by multiple mosquito species with varying VC. However, the extent that bottlenecks and VC are linked is poorly understood. Similarly, quantitative analyses of mosquito-imposed bottlenecks on …
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Toward the Rational Design of Better Antivirals: The Development of cGAMP as an HIV-1 Anti-Retroviral and the Genetic Surveillance of WNV Evolution
… pathogens and thus represents the first hurdle viruses must overcome to cause severe disease in humans. Understanding the consequences of viral evolution can give insights to mechanisms of viral pathogenesis as well as the development of novel therapeutics. Here I studied two clinically …
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Impact of West Nile Virus Envelope Domain III Surface Loop Residues on Antigenicity and Virulence
West Nile virus (WNV) is an encephalitic flavivirus that is maintained worldwide in a transmission cycle between birds and mosquitoes. Domain III of its envelope protein is the target of highly specific and potently neutralizing antibodies, and is thought to bind the host cell receptors. To …
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Impact of West Nile Virus Envelope Domain III Surface Loop Residues on Antigenicity and Virulence
West Nile virus (WNV) is an encephalitic flavivirus that is maintained worldwide in a transmission cycle between birds and mosquitoes. Domain III of its envelope protein is the target of highly specific and potently neutralizing antibodies, and is thought to bind the host cell receptors. To …
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Correlated long-distance dynamics modulate monoclonal antibody binding resistance in flaviviral envelope pretein domain-3: A molecular dynamics simulations study
… to the envelope protein domain-3 (ED3) of flaviviruses. Previously it was shown that regions constituting antibody binding sites of dengue-2 (DEN2) and West Nile virus (WNV) ED3 were energetically coupled with the interior of the protein. Protein-protein interactions are characterized by …
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Analysis of the feeding behaviour of the mosquito Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) in relation to West Nile virus
… is to inform the reader on several aspects of West Nile Virus (WNV) transmission by its mosquito vector, Culex pipiens and to elucidate how Cx. pipiens and WNV are intertwined. The first few sections of the literature review describe the life cycle and blood feeding behaviours ofmosquitoes so …
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Anti-Insect Defensive Behaviors of Equines after West Nile Virus Infection
West Nile Virus is an important arbovirus (virus transmitted by arthropods) that has recently affected the health of both humans and animals in the United States. West Nile fever was first identified in the US in 1999. West Nile virus (WNV), vectored by mosquitoes, has had a detrimental impact on …
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Phenotypic Characterization of Mutations Made to the Envelope Protein of West Nile Virus
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that can cause severe neuroinvasive disease resulting in death or long term neurological sequela. The envelope (E) protein of flaviviruses has three domains and is the major component of the virion surface, with the EIII being the putative …
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West Nile Virus Seroreversion and the Influence of Herd Immunity on Disease Risk in a Long-term Study of Free-ranging Birds
<p>The transmission and amplification of West Nile virus (WNV) is driven by the number of susceptible avian hosts. The quantity of susceptible hosts is determined by 1) recruitment of juvenile birds during the breeding season, 2) adult birds previously unexposed to WNV, and 3) adult birds with …
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Modeling, Dynamics and Optimal Control of West Nile Virus with Seasonality
West Nile virus (WNv) is a mosquito-borne disease which arrived in Canada in 2001. It has kept spreading across the country and still remains a threat to public health. In this dissertation, we formulate dynamical models and apply theory of dynamical systems to investigate the behavior of the …
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Studies Toward the Synthesis of Salvinorin A and Synthesis of Broad-Spectrum DENV/WNV NS3 Protease Inhibitors
… furan is ring late in the synthesis. Part II: West-Nile Virus (WNV) and Dengue Virus (DENV), both members of the Flavivirirus genus, are transmitted to humans by mosquito vectors and are significant causes of human illness worldwide. The majority of people infected with either virus remain …
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Intrinsic Flexibility of West Nile Virus Protease: In Solution Characterization
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus with a rapidly expanding global distribution. Infection can cause severe neurological disease and fatalities in humans. Efforts are ongoing to develop antiviral drugs that inhibit the WNV protease, a viral enzyme required for polyprotein …
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A cytogenetic map for the genomic studies of the West Nile Virus vector Culex tarsalis
Culex tarsalis is a major vector of West Nile Virus (WNV) in North America. Although the genome for this species was recently sequenced, the physical genome map has not developed. Unlike other Culex species, that have sex-determination locus on chromosome 1, the sex locus in Cx. tarsalis is located …
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The essential, nonredundant roles of RIG-I and MDA5 in detecting and controlling West Nile virus infection
Virus recognition and response by the innate immune system are critical components of host defense against infection. Activation of cell-intrinsic immunity and optimal priming of adaptive immunity against West Nile virus (WNV), an emerging vector-borne virus, depends on recognition by RIG-I and …
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Inhibition of Cell Proliferation through Regulated Intramembrane Proteolysis of CREB3L1
… subclones that are permissive for hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication versus the non-permissive parental Huh7 cells, we identified CREB3L1 as a host factor that inhibits proliferation of virus-infected cells. Upon infection with diverse DNA and RNA viruses, including murine gamma-herpesvirus …
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Characterization of Flavivirus-Infected Neurons
Powassan virus (POWV) is a tick-borne flavivirus (TBFV) that can cause severe encephalitis in humans with a case fatality rate as high as 15%. Patients who survived severe encephalitic disease can develop long-term sequelae that can be debilitating and life-long. In this dissertation, a primary …
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The Role of Long Distance Movement and Genetic Adaptation on the Evolution of West Nile virus in the New World
West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging arbovirus that is maintained in an epizooitic cycle involving birds and mosquitoes. After a long history of circulation in the Old World, WNV was introduced into the US and identified in the New York Metropolitan Area during the summer of 1999. While the initial …
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Identification and characterization of cell-adapted mutations in West Nile Virus and replicons
Flavivirus persistence in cell culture is achieved by altering the interaction between the viral genome and the host cell. To identify some of the factors that contribute to a persistent West Nile virus (WNV) infection, WNV subgenomic replicon (WNR) genomes were modified to contain neomycin …
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The ecology of the mosquito Culex modestus, a potential vector of West Nile virus in the UK
… be determined in areas most vulnerable to West Nile Virus (WNV) becoming established in the UK. Culex modestus was first found in the North Kent marshes in 2010. It is of particular public health interest due to its importance as a bridge vector of WNV from the amplifying host, birds, into …
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Scaling in the immune system
… We fit mathematical models to experimental West Nile Virus (WNV, a multi-host pathogen) infection data and investigate how model parameters characterizing the pathogen and the immune response change with respect to animal mass. Phylogeny also affects pathogenesis and immune response. We use …
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