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Showing 1 to 20 of 77 for “"WNV"”.
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Studies Toward the Synthesis of Salvinorin A and Synthesis of Broad-Spectrum DENV/WNV NS3 Protease Inhibitors
… late in the synthesis. Part II: West-Nile Virus (WNV) and Dengue Virus (DENV), both members of the Flavivirirus genus, are transmitted to humans by mosquito vectors and are significant causes of human illness worldwide. The majority of people infected with either virus remain asymptomatic, however …
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Characterization of epitope-blocking ELISA for differential diagnoses of secondary flavivirus infections
West Nile virus (WNV) and Dengue virus (DENY) infections cause significant public health and animal health problems in countries around the world. Accurate laboratory results and diagnoses are essential elements of effective treatment of patients. On a broader scale, accurate diagnoses are critical …
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Toward the Rational Design of Better Antivirals: The Development of cGAMP as an HIV-1 Anti-Retroviral and the Genetic Surveillance of WNV Evolution
… Virus (HIV) and West Nile Virus (WNV). HIV-1 has evolved several mechanisms to evade immune detection by the cGAS-STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway. A small cyclic di-nucleotide, cGAMP, activates the same pathway by directly binding STING. Treatment with cGAMP, delivered by …
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Cross-protection from St. Louis encephalitis virus and Usutu virus disease by human West Nile virus convalescent plasma in mice
West Nile virus (WNV), Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), and Usutu virus (USUV) are emerging mosquito-borne flaviviruses. These viruses are phylogenetically closely related and belong to the Japanese encephalitis serocomplex group. Similar to other flaviviruses, these viruses are enveloped, …
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Molecular epidemiology of West Nile virus in North America
The introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into the U.S. during the summer of 1999 led to the largest epidemic of arboviral encephalitis ever recorded in the Western Hemisphere during 2002. Over the course of six years, the distribution of WNV has expanded to include each of the contiguous U.S. …
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West Nile virus vaccination protects against Usutu virus disease in mice
… (DENV), Usutu virus (USUV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), are rapidly emerging, global pathogens. Though the number of people impacted by each virus varies, there have been thousands to millions of people infected. The focus of this thesis work centers around …
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West Nile virus versus the host cell: Identification of host factors that modulate infection
… whether PKR was involved in the recognition of WNV infection, cells lacking PKR were infected with WNV and assayed for IFN production. Interestingly, PKR-null cells demonstrated dramatically lower levels of WNV-induced IFN compared to wild type cells. Additionally, chemical inhibition of PKR …
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The Role of Long Distance Movement and Genetic Adaptation on the Evolution of West Nile virus in the New World
West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging arbovirus that is maintained in an epizooitic cycle involving birds and mosquitoes. After a long history of circulation in the Old World, WNV was introduced into the US and identified in the New York Metropolitan Area during the summer of 1999. While the initial …
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West Nile virus in Italy: beyond the bird routes
Context: West Nile virus (WNV) is an arthropod-borne virus considered a One Health challenge because of its increasing impact on human and animal health. It is one the most widely distributed viruses of the encephalitic Flaviviruses. It may cause severe neurological symptoms in humans and animals …
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Infection and transmission of West Nile virus by Ochlerotatus triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in the laboratory
<p>West Nile virus (WNV) is a newly recognized arbovirus in North America. The WNV transmission cycle involves mosquitoes in the genus Culex, and avian species as the amplification hosts. Mosquitoes that feed on both birds and mammals are known as bridge vectors, which transmit WNV from avian …
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Secondary Transmission Dynamics of the West Nile Virus in Mosquitoes
West Nile Virus (WNV) is a member of the genus Flavivirus and is transmitted by mosquitoes. It first appeared in North America in New York City in 1999 and was first detected in Windsor Ontario in an infected bird collected in early August 2001. Prior to WNV, flaviviruses were not of major concern …
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Linking mosquito midgut and virus population biology at the molecular and cellular level
… on virus populations. West Nile virus (WNV) is maintained by multiple mosquito species with varying VC. However, the extent that bottlenecks and VC are linked is poorly understood. Similarly, quantitative analyses of mosquito-imposed bottlenecks on virus populations are limited. We used …
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Transmission of West Nile virus in the Niagara Region among a population at risk for exposure
Background. West Nile Virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is one of an increasing number of infectious diseases that have been emerging or re-emerging in the last two decades. Since the arrival ofWNV to Canada to present date, the Niagara Region has only reported 30 clinical cases, a small …
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West Nile Virus Seroreversion and the Influence of Herd Immunity on Disease Risk in a Long-term Study of Free-ranging Birds
… and amplification of West Nile virus (WNV) is driven by the number of susceptible avian hosts. The quantity of susceptible hosts is determined by 1) recruitment of juvenile birds during the breeding season, 2) adult birds previously unexposed to WNV, and 3) adult birds with waning …
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Detection of the bloodmeal origin of mosquitoes collected at alligator farms, and West Nile Virus activity in mosquitoes collected from alligator farms, sentinel chicken surveillance sites, and larval habitats
… sentinel chicken boxes for West Nile Virus (WNV) or testing sentinel chickens for WNV antibody would detect WNV activity prior to reports of human cases in East Baton Rouge (EBR) Parish, Louisiana. In one year we also compared the effectiveness of CDC light traps, gravid traps, and sentinel …
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Modeling, Dynamics and Optimal Control of West Nile Virus with Seasonality
West Nile virus (WNv) is a mosquito-borne disease which arrived in Canada in 2001. It has kept spreading across the country and still remains a threat to public health. In this dissertation, we formulate dynamical models and apply theory of dynamical systems to investigate the behavior of the …
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Investigating the role of the West Nile virus and Koutango virus envelope protein in virulence phenotypes using structural protein chimeras
… virus envelope protein domain III chimera (WNV/KOUV-EIII), which was generated from the combination of two highly virulent viruses. It was hypothesized that attenuation was due to intra- and/or inter-molecular interactions between the WNV E protein domains important for efficient viral …
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Intrinsic Flexibility of West Nile Virus Protease: In Solution Characterization
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus with a rapidly expanding global distribution. Infection can cause severe neurological disease and fatalities in humans. Efforts are ongoing to develop antiviral drugs that inhibit the WNV protease, a viral enzyme required for polyprotein …
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The role of TLR3- and MyD88-dependent signaling in the development of anti-West Nile virus adaptive immune responses induced by a vaccine candidate, RepliVAX WN.
… vaccine candidate derived from West Nile virus (WNV), is intrinsically adjuvanted with multiple PAMPs and induces vigorous anti-WNV T and B cell responses. However, the innate mechanisms that link pattern recognition and development of vigorous antigen-specific T and B cell responses are not …
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