Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 22 for “"Unconditioned stimulus"”.
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Conditioning and retention, as studied in a behavior-genetic analysis of the blowfly Phormia regina: A search for relationships between learning and memory
Using proboscis extension (unconditioned response) to sucrose (unconditioned stimulus), individual blowflies (Phormia regina) were classically conditioned to saline (conditioned stimulus). Directional and stabilizing selection for retention and conditioning, respectively, have bred two strains of …
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Aprendizaje inconsciente: Condicionamiento a estímulos visuales subliminales
… stimuli (CS) and an electric shock as the unconditioned stimulus (US). The inter-stimulus interval (ISI) was established individually. A detection threshold was used in Experiment 1 and an identification threshold in Experiment 2. The primary dependent variable was the skin conductance …
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The molecular substrates of second-order conditioned fear in the basolateral amygdala
Rodents learn to fear a stimulus (e.g., a light) that signals the imminent arrival of an innate source of danger (typically an aversive foot shock). They also learn to fear a stimulus (e.g., a noise) that signals a learned source of danger (e.g., the already conditioned fear-eliciting light). …
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The Influence of an Appetitive Conditioned Stimulus on Interval Timing Behavior
… the effect of a Pavlovian appetitive conditioned stimulus (CS) on timing performance, based on the PIT paradigm. Nine pigeons were exposed to pairings of a 120-s conditioned stimulus (flashing or steady houselight) and unconditioned stimulus (food). The pigeons were then trained on the peak …
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Klassische Konditionierung posturaler Reaktionen beim Menschen, unter Einbeziehung der Kleinhirnfunktion
… elicited by a dynamic platform, represented the unconditioned stimulus (US) and a preceeding auditory information the conditioning stimulus (CS). To modify spinal postural reflexes supraspinal structures have to be involved. Subjects used the information given by the CS in a completely different …
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Circadian activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis may affect central, but not peripheral, effect of lithium in conditioned taste aversion learning in rats
… CTA formation. The pairing of conditioned stimulus (sucrose) and unconditioned stimulus (lithium chloride) was performed at night (shortly after light-off) when the HPA activity shows its circadian increase. Intraperitoenal injection of lithium chloride (0.15 M, 3 ml/kg or 12 ml/kg) at …
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EFFECTS OF ACUTE THC ADMINISTRATION ON EXTINCTION OF CONDITIONED FEAR RESPONSES IN HUMANS: A FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF HIGH DENSITY EEG
… conditioning paradigm that paired an aversive unconditioned stimulus (shock) with a signaling stimulus (CS+), whereas another stimulus served as a safety signal (CS-). Evoked potentials, induced event-related spectral perturbations (ERSP), and associated intertrial coherence (ITC) measures were …
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PREFRONTAL CORTEX ACTIVITY DURING ATTENTIONAL BIAS CONDITIONING WITH FEARFUL FACES: A NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS
… focusing on fear conditioning has used an unconditioned stimulus that the participant directly experiences (e.g. shock). Other research has focused on observational fear learning where the participant watches another individual receive the stimulus. The aim of this study was to condition a …
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Assessing Motivational and Associative Learning Mechanisms Underlying Compulsive Drinking
… conditioning procedures with an alcohol unconditioned stimulus. We hypothesized that after repeated pairings, alcohol cues would elicit seeking conditioned responses. Then, to determine if the motivation provided by these cues influenced responding, mice were trained to respond for …
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An Associative Memory Trace in the Cerebellar Cortex
… learn to associate the neutral conditioned stimulus with the response. Since their work, several studies have provided data that are consistent with this suggestion, but definitive evidence has been lacking. Information on how Purkinje cells change their activity during learning has been …
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Contributions of Reward Identity and Time Prediction Errors to Pavlovian Learning
… learning, are said to be greater when the unconditioned stimulus (US) received following a cue deviates from one’s expectations. Some models of PE-motivated behavior and PE-relevant brain activity represent the US as a single quantitative variable for outcome value, and that learning …
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A psychological analysis of the effects of memory retrieval prior to extinction on the reacquisition of a conditioned fear association
… a single presentation of the fear-inducing stimulus one hour prior to extinction training. This procedure produces extinction learning that is resistant to the return of fear resulting from a change of context, the passage of time, exposure to the unconditioned stimulus, and even further …
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The role of species typical cues in sexual conditioning : analysis of potential adaptive specializations in learning
… involves the association of a conditioned stimulus (CS) with a live female (the unconditioned stimulus or US). Studies using male domesticated quail have shown that adding taxidermic female head and neck cues to a CS results in facilitated conditioned sexual responding (the facilitation …
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The social transmission of associative fear in rats : mechanisms and applications of fear conditioning by proxy
… cue (e.g., a tone) with an inherently aversive unconditioned stimulus (US; e.g., a foot-shock) leads to future presentations of the now conditioned stimulus (CS) alone eliciting a conditioned response (e.g., freezing). This direct associative learning is only one technique under which …
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The role of the kappa opioid receptor system in forebrain dependent associative learning
… are trained to associate a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS - whisker stimulation), following a stimulus free trace interval with a salient unconditioned stimulus (US – periorbital shock). With successive CS-US paired presentations, the subject begins to elicit a conditioned response (CR - …
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Higher Order Conditioning of the Eyeblink Reflex
… this paradigm an initially neutral conditioned stimulus (CS - e.g. an auditory tone or light) that elicits no response is paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US -e.g. an air puff to the eye ) that elicits an innate reflex blink response. A CS paired with the US at a fixed latency …
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An Exploration of Target Event Encoding in a Predictive Learning Task with Humans: Integrated or Separable Processing?
… In Pavlovian conditioning, the conditioned stimulus (CS) is frequently assumed to associate with one or more of the various attributes of a motivationally significant unconditioned stimulus (US, e.g. it’s hedonic, motivational, and/or sensory features). The present research asks whether …
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Representations of Relative Value Coding in the Orbitofrontal Cortex and Amygdala
… task in which the reward associated with one stimulus is held constant while other rewards within a particular context (or block of trials) change. This manipulation modulates the relative significance of the reward associated with one stimulus without changing its absolute amount. We recorded …
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Examination of neocortical plasticity during forebrain-dependent trace-associative learning tasks
… are presented with a neutral, conditioned stimulus (CS) (i.e., tone or whisker deflection) paired with a salient, unconditioned stimulus (US) (i.e., mild periorbital eyeshock) to elicit an unconditioned response (UR) (i.e., eyeblink). With multiple CS-US pairings, subjects learn to …
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