Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 15 of 15 for “"Transfer RNA (tRNA)"”.
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The Role of Initiation Factor Dynamics in Translation Initiation
… single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) as a primary tool for investigating how the dynamics of IF1 and IF3 regulate the accuracy with which the translational machinery selects an initiator transfer RNA (tRNA) and the correct messenger RNA (mRNA) start codon during the …
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Processes involved in protein translation
… use the same basic components—such as the transfer RNA (tRNA); aminoacyl-tRNA synthases; and the ribosome and its various elongation, initiation, and release factors—to carry out the translation process. It is the latter group, ribosomes and associated proteins, that physically make the …
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Biochemical Analysis of the Molecular Factors of Leucyl-Trna Synthetase That Ensure Aminoacylation Fidelity
The tRNA synthetases catalyze aminoacylation of transfer RNA (tRNA) with specific amino acids. Accurate aminoacylation is critical to the fidelity of protein synthesis. Leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) can misactivate a broad scope of non-leucine amino acids. In these cases, mischarged tRNA products …
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Experimental and Computational Dynamics of an Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase System
… upon correct recognition and aminoacylation of transfer RNA (tRNA) by their cognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs). Methionine is the amino acid that acts as the start codon for every protein and can also be found within a protein message. Methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) is responsible for …
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Transfer rna dynamics and transfer-messenger rna accommodation in bacterial ribosomes at the single-molecule level
… (PIFE), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and several biochemical tools were applied to study transfer RNA (tRNA) dynamics and transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) accommodation inside ribosomes. In the first project of this thesis work, structural characterization of the …
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Non-Coding Genomics of Methanocaldococcus Jannaschii: A Survey of Promoters, Non-Coding RNA Genes, and Repetitive DNA Elements
… are operative in genetic information remission, transfer, and processing---key processes where the three domains of life, Bacteria, Archaea, and Eucarya, differ from one another. This thesis focuses on some non-coding features of an archaeal genome, that of Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, in an …
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Characterizing Modified Nucleosides in RNA by LC/UV/MS
… in all types of ribonucleic acids (RNA) and increases the functional diversity of RNA, exceeding that of the four canonical bases. In ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) these modifications enhance RNA structure and contribute to the accuracy and efficiency of protein …
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Genetic Determinants of Salmonella and Campylobacter Required for In Vitro Fitness
… essential protein-coding genes and 20 essential transfer RNA (tRNA) in C. jejuni NCTC 11168 which were intolerant to Tn5 insertions during in vitro growth. The reconstructed library C. jejuni 81-176 had 384 protein coding genes with zero Tn5 insertions. The genetic determinants Salmonella and …
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Structural Insights into Noncanonical Mechanisms of Translation
… complex, in concert with messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and a variety of proteins. The canonical mechanism of translation, introduced in Part I of my thesis, is divided into four distinct phases: initiation, elongation, termination, and recycling. Under unusual …
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MEMS-based temperature-dependent characterization of biomolecular interactions
… on-chip temperature control, and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, we have studied the temperature dependence of the structural dynamics of transfer RNA (tRNA) translocation through ribosome in protein synthesis. For solution-based biomolecular interactions, we mainly …
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Characterisation of the Essential t<sup>6</sup>A tRNA Modification Enzymes and Evaluation as a Potential Novel Antimicrobial Target
<p>Modified bases in RNA molecules are common, with over one-hundred individual modifications reported to date. In transfer RNA (tRNA), these modifications help hold the molecule in its proper conformation, allow the aminoacyl-synthetases to attach the amino acid to the correct tRNA for transfer to …
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The molecular genetics of Type 2 diabetes
… Other work studied specific mutations in the tRNA<sup>Leu(UUR)</sup> gene of mitochondrial DNA and in the glucagon receptor gene. <br></br><br></br> The Introductory chapter presents an overview of Type 2 diabetes, and the influence of the environment and the contribution of genetics to its …
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Evolution and dynamic behavior of transfer RNA in the first two steps of translation
… a key component of the cellular machinery is transfer RNA (tRNA). This small nucleic acid is crucial to the maintenance of the genetic code because it discriminately binds the messenger RNA codon at the ribosome and adds the cognate amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain. The role of tRNA …
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RNAi Nanotechnology: A Platform for siRNA Screening and Cancer Gene Therapy
<p>Over the past two decades, advances in RNA structural biology have improved our understanding of the structures and folding properties of naturally occurring RNAs. RNA sequences and structures participate in many specific biological functions, such as those performed by messenger RNA (mRNA), …
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STUDIES OF THE PYRROLYSYL-TRNA SYNTHETASE
… amino acid encoded by the UAG codon. Pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylS) is the specific enzyme that can attach Pyl to its cognate tRNA, the amber suppressor tRNAPyl. The biosynthesis of pyrrolysine required the function of three genes, pylC, pylB, pylD, which were identified in the same apparent …