Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 15 of 15 for “"Tetrodotoxin (TTX)"”.
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Establishing a protocol to measure tetrodotoxin (TTX) levels in small bodied newts (genus Lissotriton) in western Europe
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a defence toxin most commonly found in marine organisms, and amphibians are the only land vertebrates (tetrapods) which are known to produce TTX. However, the origin of TTX in amphibians remains largely unknown, and our knowledge about the existence and distribution of TTX …
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Functional and Categorical Analysis of Waveshapes Recorded on Microelectrode Arrays
… I pharmacologically targeted ion channels with tetrodotoxin (TTX), tetraethylammonium (TEA), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), and monensin.
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Possible role of the ventromedial hypothalamus in estrus termination following vaginocervical stimulation of the rat
… a microinfusion of a Na + channel blocker, tetrodotoxin (TTX), into the VMH an hour before receiving 50 manual VCSs, with a lubricated glass rod distributed over the course of 1h, while the second group received a microinfusion of TTX and sham VCSs. The remaining groups received a …
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Glutamate regulates neurite outgrowth of descending neurons in culture from larval lamprey
… Glutamate application in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) inhibited neurite outgrowth. Interestingly, TTX inhibited neurite growth, suggesting the neurons may be spontaneously active. Glutamate-induced neurite retraction may be due, in part, to increases in intracellular calcium levels, …
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Nebulized Hypertonic Saline-Triggered Increase in Mucociliary Clearance Rate is Mediated by the Nervous System
… following preincubation with the neural blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX) in wild-type swine. To further demonstrate the utility of the nervous system in promoting MCC, we used sensory agonists capsaicin and menthol in combination with HTS or isotonic saline (ITS), and found them to cause substantial …
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Tetrodotoxin, fungal pathogen infection, and bacterial microbiome associations are variable in the skin microecosystems of two Taricha Newt species
… against disease, parasitism, and predation. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent low molecular weight neurotoxin found in genus Taricha, and despite a previously observed negative relationship between differential levels of TTX concentration and Bd infection presence within a given locale, the …
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Development and Applications of Opioids Alternatives for Pain Management
… management strategies to opioids, focusing on tetrodotoxin (TTX) and capsaicin as novel anesthetics. Acute post-surgical pain typically lasts 5-7 days, while long-term pain management can span up to 12 weeks. Opioids are commonly used but are linked to serious side effects, including addiction, …
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Mechanism of Action of Pentobarbital Induced Attenuation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction
… electrical field stimulation (EES) parameters: tetrodotoxin (TTX; 1 uM) sensitive, or perivascular nerve, (NEFS) stimulation (10 Hz, 0.3 ms, 50 V, 30 sec), and direct smooth muscle (MEFS) stimulation in the presence of TTX (10 Hz, 3 ms, 50 V, 30 sec). Rings, preloaded at 1 g, were immersed in an …
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Nucleus accumbens dopamine and investigatory behavior : modulation by the ventral subiculum of the hippocampus through the dopamine cell bodies of the ventral tegmental area
… by perfusion of the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX) or the ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonist, kynurenic acid (KA) into the VTA. In experiments designed to assess a functional role of VS-mediated elevations in NAS DA, microdialysis was used to monitor elevations in NAS DA …
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The role of redox oscillation in circadian physiology of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and hippocampus
… We evaluated SCN redox state in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) to block Na+-dependent action potentials and found that redox oscillation may be dependent upon daily rhythms of SCN neuronal activity. To evaluate whether redox state modulates neuronal circadian rhythms in other brain regions, …
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Evolutionary Patterns of Avian Tetrodotoxin Resistance
Beyond Arms Races: Evolution of Tetrodotoxin-Binding Sites in Avian Naᵥ Channels Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels (Naᵥ), inhibiting nerve and muscle function. Some species possess TTX as an anti-predator defense, and some predator species have …
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Biphasic neurogenic vasodilatation in the bovine intraocular long posterior ciliary artery
… of vasodilatation to EFS were abolished by tetrodotoxin (TTX), confirming their neurogenic origin. 4.Inhibition of the first component of the vasodilatation to EFS by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, L-NAME, and the inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase, ODQ, confirmed the …
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Pharmacological Characterization of Prejunctional Serotonin Receptors in Mammalian Anterior Uvea
… efflux was designated as [3H]-5-HT release. Both tetrodotoxin (TTX) and zero calcium buffer attenuated electrically-evoked [3H]-5-HT release without affecting basal tritium efflux, indicating a neuronal origin of the released [3H]-5-HT. Exogenously applied 5-HT (10 nM - 1 pM) produced a …
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Phenotypic consequences of adaptive toxin production and resistance in coevolutionary partners
… vertebrates to consume. Taricha are defended by tetrodotoxin (TTX) which blocks voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) and inhibits nerve activation and muscle function, typically leading to death by respiratory failure. Amazingly, multiple species of garter snakes (Thamnophis) have adapted to …