Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 31 for “"TB diagnosis"”.
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Linkage to treatment following RR-TB diagnosis in the Western Cape
… with rifampicin resistant (RR) tuberculosis (TB) in South Africa frequently fail to link to appropriate drug resistant (DR) TB treatment. The aim of this study was to explore barriers and enablers to expedited linkage to treatment following RR-TB diagnosis in the Western Cape Province, within …
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Performance of host blood transcriptomic signatures for TB diagnosis and monitoring TB treatment
… tests are necessary to enable tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and monitoring of TB treatment. This work aimed to identify which published blood transcriptomic TB signatures have the best diagnostic performance to distinguish between TB cases and other respiratory diseases (ORDs) in symptomatic …
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Towards paper-based micro bio-sensing of biomarker anti-mycolic acid antibodies for TB diagnosis
Accessible point of care diagnosis of Tuberculosis (TB) is an essential development to better manage the global epidemic that infects 10 million people annually. Current diagnostics are centralised, causing patient loss to follow up or delays in treatment. Although serological diagnosis using …
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The impact of Covid-19 restrictions on TB diagnosis in the City of Cape Town, South Africa
… of the Covid-19 pandemic on new tuberculosis diagnosis in Cape Town. Methods: A time-series analysis was undertaken using routine data collected between 2018 and 2021 by the Western Cape Department of Health in the City of Cape Town. There were 87 621 tuberculosis episodes identified in 82 197 …
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Structure and agency in the economics of public policy for TB control
… to a loss in productivity. A key challenge in TB programmes remains the accurate diagnosis of the disease, especially in people who are HIV positive. Diagnosing TB can be very resource intensive and the accuracy of diagnosis is dependent on a range of disease, health service organisation and …
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Segmentation of candidate bacillus objects in images of Ziehl-Neelsen-stained sputum smears using deformable models
… microscopy for the detection of tuberculosis (TB) in sputum smears seeks to address the strain on technicians and to achieve faster diagnosis in order to cope with the rising number of TB cases. Image processing techniques provide a useful alternative to the conventional, manual analysis of …
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Detection of mycobacterial siderophores and implications for diagnostics
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a pervasive human pathogen that continues to kill 1.8 million people every year. Acquisition of iron within the host is vital to the pathogenicity of Mtb and to accomplish this it produces siderophores called mycobactins and carboxymycobactins. This dissertation …
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Cytohistologic correlation of suspected Cervicofacial Head & Neck Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis in children: A retrospective case series
Background Tuberculosis (TB), especially extrapulmonary TB, is a difficult diagnosis to make in children due to the paucibacillary nature of paediatric disease and difficulty in obtaining sputum and tissue samples for microbiology confirmation. Lymphadenopathy in children with suspected …
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Tuberculosis in Children: Diagnosis and Epidemiology
… an estimated one-million new tuberculosis (TB) cases occurred in children in 2014. For a long time, research of TB in children has been neglected. Most research and surveillance of TB is performed in adults, and the resulting lack of evidence in children is a major barrier for implementation …
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Utility of novel diagnostic tests for tuberculosis using human urine
Two thirds of new TB cases in sub-Saharan Africa are HIV coinfected. HIV-TB co-infection increases the incidence of extra-pulmonary, sputum smear-negative and sputum-scarce TB. In these vulnerable patientgroups with high mortality rates, sputum-based diagnostic tools are unhelpful. Urine-based …
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Factors associated with the increase in new TB infections among clients in Thulamela municipality, Limpopo province, South Africa
Background: TB and HIV/AIDS were identified as priority healthcare problems of current years worldwide. Notable concerns (2878) were raised in Vhembe District Municipality because of an increase in patients with TB, including re-treatment patients (Department of Health, 2017). Purpose: The main aim …
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Diagnostic outcomes of CT-guided lung biopsy in an HIV and TB co-infection prevalent region
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are a major burden on the health of the people in the Western Cape with approximately 56 000 new cases of TB diagnosed in 2018 and 16 287 incident cases of HIV during the same period. CT-guided lung biopsy is a limited …
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A descriptive study of IgG subclasses and allotypes in children with pulmonary tuberculosis in the Western Cape
… in children with pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) in the Western Cape. DESIGN: Consecutive children under 15 years of age with microbiological proven PTB over an 8 month period- November 1993 to July 1994. SETTING: Teaching Hospitals in Cape Town. PATIENTS: Thirty-five cases were selected from …
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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance for diagnostic antibody detection
… use of biomarker antibody detection for disease diagnosis is currently restricted to cases where the antibody affinity and specificity of interaction with antigen is high. Evanescent field biosensing, e.g. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), and electrochemical detection, in particular …
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Novel and newer nucleic acid amplification tests for the diagnosis of TB
Background: Current tools for TB diagnosis have suboptimal accuracy, perform poorly in diagnosing extra-pulmonary TB, and are not point of care; hence results have a slow turn-around time. Objective: This project evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the promising novel loop mediated isothermal …
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Transcriptomic signatures of recurrent tuberculosis disease and treatment response in HIV-infected individuals
… are at particularly high risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease, especially in TB endemic countries where M. tuberculosis transmission is common. Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces risk of TB, it does not return to that of HIV-uninfected persons. In addition, a previous history of TB …
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Influences on the continuity of care for patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis referred from tertiary and district hospitals
… highest burden of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) in the world. The fact that adult patients diagnosed with TB frequently do not attend their primary healthcare clinics after discharge from hospital for continued treatment remains a challenge for public health in South Africa. This qualitative …
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The incidence of tuberculosis in the inflammatory bowel disease registry in Cape Town, South Africa
Background/Objectives: The risk of tuberculosis (TB) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients using immunosuppressive therapy (IST) is higher than the background population in developed countries. Corresponding data in areas of high endemicity like South Africa (SA) is limited. Our objectives …
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A study to determine the palliative care needs of patients with drug resistant tuberculosis in the Southern sub-district of Cape Town
… of patients with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) are under-researched, yet pertinent in the management and control of DR-TB. Most literature reviewed focused on treatment schedules, outcomes, transmission, drug adherence, drug side effects and further drug-resistance. Aim: The aim was to …
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Population/ Nonlinear mixed-effects modelling of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tuberculosis treatment
… isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol in TB/HIV coinfected patients recruited in two phase III clinical trials (61 patients in TB-HAART and 222 patients in RAFA study) were described using nonlinear mixed-effects modelling. Concentration-time data for rifampicin (TB-HAART study) was used …
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