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Showing 1 to 20 of 20 for “"Squalene"”.
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Three genes from Solanum chacoense coding for squalene synthase
Squalene synthase (EC 2.5.1.2.1; SQS) is located at a branch point in the isoprenoid pathway and catalyzes the condensation of two molecules of farnesyl diphosphate to form squalene. SQS activity contributes to the formation of triterpenes and sterols, including phytosterols, brassinosteroids, …
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Synthesis and Evaluation of Aziridine Analogs of Presqualene Diphosphate as Squalene Synthase Inhibitors
… diphosphate and methanediphosphonates towards squalene synthase compared to the analogous acyclic azabifarnesyl diphosphate may indicate a bridged non-classical, protonated cyclopropane intermediate in the formation of presqualene diphosphate.
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Biosynthesis of Steroidal Glycoakaloids in Solanum chacoense Bitter
… on sterol / SGA biosynthesis have implicated squalene synthase as a key regulatory enzyme because it catalyzes an irreversible step from the mevalonic acid pathway. However, the regulatory mechanisms of squalene synthase are not yet known. A study was conducted to elucidate the distribution …
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Diversity of polycyclic triterpenoids in Rhodospirillum rubrum
… derived from the enzymatic cyclization of squalene and produced in amounts comparable to diploptene. Identified compounds included bicyclic polypodatetraenes, malabaricatriene, euphadiene, adianane, and fernene. Prior to this work, malabaricatriene was an "orphan" biomarker suspected to …
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Characterization of Host Plant Defense Responses to Parasitization by <I>Orobanche aegyptiaca</I>
… yet repressed in response to pathogen elicitors (squalene synthase). Genes analyzed that are associated with systemic defense include <I>PR-1</I>, <I>PR-2</I>, and <I>PR-5</I>, all of which are induced in response to pathogen attack as part of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) response. Plant …
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Rearrangements of 1-Heterosubstituted Chrysanthemyl Aldehyde and Chrysanthemyl Amines
… the mechanism for the conversion of presqualene pyrophosphate to squalene involves postulation of a new intermediate (known locally as protosqualene pyrophosphate) which is a ring expanded analog of presqualene pyrophosphate. There is no direct evidence for this discrete new intermediate …
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Farnesol-Mediated Regulation Of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism In Heparg Cells
… pathway that is normally converted mainly to squalene by squalene synthase in the first committed step of sterol biosynthesis. Treatment with the squalene synthase inhibitor squalestatin 1 (SQ1) causes accumulation of FPP, its dephosphorylated metabolite farnesol, and several oxidized …
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Physiological Characterization of Four Psychrophilic Marine Bacterial Strains
… with octadecyltrimethyammonium bromide, a squalene cyclase inhibitor indicated the presence of membrane hopanoids. This was confirmed by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry.
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BRANCHED CHAIN FATTY ACIDS (BCFA) IN NATURE: FISH, FERMENTED FOODS, AND SEA LION VERNIX CASEOSA
… sea lions (CSL) show high levels of BCFA and squalene. CSL are thus the second species apart from humans now known to biosynthesize vernix in late gestation, delivering BCFA and squalene to the fetal GI tract. These data are further evidence for the importance of BCFA as likely modifiers of …
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ΣΥΜΒΟΛΗ ΣΤΗ ΜΕΛΕΤΗ ΤΟΥ ΕΞΕΥΓΕΝΙΣΜΟΥ ΥΨΗΛΟΒΑΘΜΩΝ ΠΥΡΗΝΕΛΑΙΩΝ
… OF STEROLSIS SMALL, MAINLY B-SITOSTEROL. THE SQUALENE IS FOUND IN TRACES IN THE CRUDE AND ALSO IN THE DEGUMMED AND IN NEUTRALIZED OILS.
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Analysis of Hopanoids From Three Psychrophilic Marine Bacterial Strains
… octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (OTMAB), the squalene cyclase inhibitor, suggested that these bacteria might synthesize hopanoids. The bacterium, Acetobacter aceti subsp. aceti, known to contain hopanoids, was also analyzed as a control. Cellular lipids were extracted from freeze-dried cells …
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Investigations in Enzyme Stereospecificity: I. The Stereochemistry of Cis-Double Bond Formation in Dolichol and Natural Rubber Biosynthesis. II. The Stereochemistry of Carbon-Sulfur 4ond Reduction by Methyl Coenzyme Reductase
… FPP, as a branch from the pathway to squalene and cholesterol. Natural rubber, also a poly-cis polyprenol, is biosynthesized from Hevea latex in the same manner. The stereochemical details of the condensation of IPP with the pro-chiral center of the developing dolichol and rubber …
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The Antioxidant Function of Dithiophosphoryl Compounds in Rubbers
… An infra-red examination of the reaction using squalene as a model compound revealed that a transformation product characterized as a sulphenic acid was formed. This compound is believed to be involved in the regenerative process during fatiguing and the corresponding sulphinyl radical acts as …
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TOOLS AND STRATEGIES FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF PHARMACEUTICAL ACTIVE COMPOUNDS
… aimed at the extraction and purification of squalene from vegetable sources. Squalene is a natural triterpene used as an adjuvant in vaccine formulations. In this context, we aimed to develop an efficient and scalable extraction method that could be applied in an industrial setting to yield …
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SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF CARBOHYDRATE-BASED ARCHITECTURES: FROM VACCINE ADJUVANTS TO GLYCAN FOLDAMERS
… for human use: aluminium salts, emulsions (e.g. squalene), liposomes/virosomes and microparticles just to mention a few11. In this scenario, new classes of adjuvants are currently under investigation to offer an alternative and overcome this issue. Among them QS-21, an immunostimulatory saponin …
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Lipid Rafts in Pancreatic Beta- and Alpha-cell Stimulus-secretion Coupling
… endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis with squalene epoxidase inhibitor caused an impairment of both Cav channels and SNARE protein exocytotic machinery, indicating that intracellular cholesterol and its homeostasis are critical for maintaining normal beta-cell function. The work presented …
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Genetic studies of candidate genes in the glycoalkaloid biosynthetic pathway of potato
… coenzyme A reductase 1 and 2 (HMG1, HMG2); 2,3-squalene epoxidase (SQE); solanidine galactosyltransferase (SGT1); and solanidine glucosyltransferase (SGT2)]. A germplasm panel of six wild potato species [Solanum chacoense (chc 80-1), S. commersonii subsp. commersonii, S. demissum, S. …
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Ethnopharmacological assessement of Guibourtia Coleosperma and Diospyros Chamaethamnus extracts as elaternative treatment options for Malaria
… oleic acid, lanosterol, spiculesporic acid, squalene, campesterol and vitamin E. Antioxidant activity results showed that the extracts of D. chamaethamnus yielded the highest antioxidant activities with IC50 values of ranging from 7.63 to 10.74 μg/mL, whilst the extracts G. coleosperma …
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Generation and characterization of HIV-1 subtype C candidate vaccines that will induce high titre antibody responses to HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein
… AlhydroGel (similar to alum) or the MF59-like squalene-based oil-in-water nano-emulsion AddaVax. Soluble Env (GNL) adjuvanted in AlhydroGel resulted in improved immune response in rabbits, with significantly higher serum binding antibodies to soluble Env (GNL) and scaffolded CAP256 V1V2-loop in …
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Head-to-head terpene synthases: Mechanism of action and inhibition
… mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus dehydrosqualene synthase. Dehydrosqualene synthase (CrtM) is also the first committed enzyme in the biosynthesis of staphyloxanthin, a carotenoid pigment, and a major virulence factor in S. aureus. Inhibitors targeting CrtM and staphyloxanthin biosynthesis …