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Showing 1 to 20 of 22 for “"Sirtuins"”.
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Regulation of Mitochondrial Sirtuins Sirt3 and Sirt5 by Small Molecules
Sirtuins are a highly conserved family of protein deacylases that are important regulators of metabolism, longevity and aged-related diseases. There are seven sirtuin isoforms in mammals with different subcellular localization, substrates and biological functions. Three sirtuin isoforms, Sirt3-5, …
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Biochemical and structural characterization of Sirtuins from mammals and Thermotoga maritima
Sirtuins are NAD+ dependent protein deacetylases involved in regulation of metabolism, age related diseases and are suggested to mediate lifespan extending effects of calorie restriction. Mammals contain seven Sirtuin soforms with various cellular localizations and substrate preferences. This work …
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A Study Of Novel Activities Of Type Iii Sirtuins: Cobb And Pfsir2A
Sirtuins are a class of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides (NAD)-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) found in all three domains of life. Acetylation-deacetylation of histones lysine residues is an accepted paradigm for gene regulation in eukaryotes. In recent years, proteonomic studies revealed …
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SIRT6 Overexpression Protects Against Diet-Induced Diabetes in Mice
… Mounting experimental evidence suggests that Sirtuins may be principal mediators of the metabolic effects of CR (1). Sirtuins are believed to sense and respond to cellular energy deficit via their (NAD+)-dependent enzymatic activities including lysine deacetylation of a variety of cytosolic, …
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The Role of Sirtuin Inhibitors on the Proteomic Responses of the Mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis and Mytilus trossulus to Menadione Induced Oxidative Stress
… detoxify ROS. Additionally, we hypothesize that sirtuins (SIRT; a family of NAD-dependent deacetylases) might be involved in the regulation of this metabolic transition. To test the latter, a discovery approach will be used to analyze the proteomic response of <em>M. galloprovincialis </em>and …
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USING CHEMICAL AND PROTEOMICS APPROACHES TO STUDY THE FUNCTIONS OF SIRT6 AND KRAS
… information regulator 2) family of enzymes (or sirtuins) are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein lysine deacylases and play a variety of roles in biological systems. SIRT6 is one of the seven mammalian sirtuins and has diverse biological functions such as maintaining …
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Characterisation of Pharmacological Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic uses of FK866
… each of the main NAD+ consuming enzymes (PARP, sirtuins or CD38). This revealed differential NAD+ consumption rates by the different NAD+ consuming enzymes in MDA-MB-231 cells, with sirtuins being the major NAD+ consuming enzyme. The glycolytic effects of Nampt inhibition was measured using …
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Novel therapies for cancer treatment : designing high affinity selective ligands against SIRT1 enzyme
… deacetylase. SIRT1 is the most studied mammalian Sirtuins and predominantly localised in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Many Sirtuins targets are involved in cancer and in many types of cancers, SIRT1 is found to be overexpressed. Recent observations support SIRT1 being both an oncogene and a tumour …
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NAD+-DEPENDENT SIRT1 REPROGRAMS CD11C+ DENDRITIC CELLS AND CD4+ T CELLS TO CONTROL IMMUNE POLARITY DURING SEPSIS
… organ failure, and death from sepsis. Sirtuins are known regulators of immunity and have been shown to play a pivotal role in regulating innate immune responses. However, their role in adaptive immune responses remains uncertain. The findings presented in this body of research indicate …
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Studying the Effect of Low Doses of Ionization Radiation on Senescence in Human Lung Fibroblasts.
… that belongs to the family of proteins called Sirtuins with known roles in aging, was found to be upregulated transcriptionally in LDR-exposed HFL1 cells. Knocking out SIRT7 protein significantly accelerated senescence in HFL1 cells suggesting a direct role of SIRT7 in the deceleration of …
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Apolipoprotein E4 and SirT1 Interaction in Alzheimer’s Disease
… research studies have focused attention on Sirtuins. SirT1 plays a role in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Additionally, it has been demonstrated to reduce Aβ accumulation and elevate α-secretase activity. ApoE4 has been suggested to decrease SirT1. SirT1 suppresses AD in cells, …
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Development Of Novel Radiotracers For Pet Imaging Of Hdac-Mediated Epigenetic Regulation
… of HDACs, with particular emphasis on class III (sirtuins, SIRTs). </p> <p>Herein, HDAC class IIa, SIRT1 and SIRT2-selective radiotracers have been developed and validated through in vitro and in vivo characterization. Two of these tracers, 18F-TFAHA for HDAC class IIa and and 2-[18F]PhAHA for …
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Metabolic Regulation of Transcription Through Compartmentalized NAD+ Biosynthesis
… polymerases (PARPs; e.g., PARP-1) or sirtuins (SIRTs; e.g., SIRT-1), which many of them are known to play an important role in gene regulation. In mammalian cells, NAD+ is synthesized from nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and ATP, by the family of enzymes known as nicotinamide …
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Environmental Signaling through the Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1) and the Regulation of Epigenetic Mechanisms
… Hst4 turnover. Notably, deletion of a subset of sirtuins (hst3Δ or hst4Δ) rescued the sensitivity of a non-essential TORC1 mutant (tco89Δ) to an array of TORC1 inhibitors. This result suggests the link between TORC1 and acetylation may play an essential role in cell cycle regulation and the DNA …
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The Physiological Effects of CD38 in Prostate Cancer: A multifunctional NAD'ase capable of regulating cell metabolism, gene expression, and therapeutic response
… dependent enzymes: cyclic ADP-ribose synthases, sirtuins, and poly (ADP)-ribose polymerases (PARPs). The cyclic (ADP)-ribose synthase, CD38, is the primary NAD’ase in cells and has historically been regarded as an important cell surface molecule in cells of hematopoietic lineage. The work …
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The Pathophysiological Importance of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase as a Key NAD Biosynthesis Enzyme in Metabolic Homeostasis
… of iNAMPT is decreased during fasting when Sirtuins are activated. We also found that enhancement of eNAMPT secretion under low glucose culture condition in differentiated brown and white adipocytes is completely inhibited by nicotinamide: NAM), an inhibitor of SIRTs, suggesting that …
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Molecular Effects of the Nampt Inhibitor FK866 on Leukemia Cells
… poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), CD38, and sirtuins, regulating processes that undergo fundamental changes during malignant transformation. Although NAD+ can be generated de novo from tryptophan precursor, the major route of biosynthesis is through a nicotinamidesalvage process. Nicotinamide …
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Protective effect of Nicotinamide on High glucose (HG)/Palmitate (PA)-induced Glucolipotoxicity to INS-1 beta cells
Prolonged exposure of pancreatic beta cells to excessive levels of glucose and fatty acids is postulated to contribute to beta cell dysfunction and beta cell death in type 2 diabetes. Nicotinamide, via its major metabolite NAD+, is involved in a wide range of biological processes, including the …
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TUMOR PROMOTING FUNCTIONS FOR THE METABOLIC REGULATOR SIRT5
… In mammals there are three mitochondrial sirtuins, SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5. Among these, SIRT5 is the only known enzyme that catalyzes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent demalonylation, desuccinylation and deglutarylation. SIRT5 impacts diverse metabolic pathways. One substrate of …
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