Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 15 of 15 for “"Retroelements"”.
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Detection of Bacterial Retroelements Using Genomics
<p>The reverse flow of genetic information can occur when a special DNA polymerase called Reverse Transcriptase (RT) copies the genetic information in an RNA molecule back into a complementary DNA. One type of RT encoding gene found in bacteria is called a retron element. Recent bacterial genome …
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Transcriptional and Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Retroelements
Retroelements make up nearly 40% of the human genome. Their ability to mobilize and cause insertional mutagenesis makes them potentially harmful. Dysregulated retroelements are implicated in cancer and neurological disease as well as in aging. Therefore, there are strict regulatory mechanisms in …
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Regulation of exogenous retroviruses and endogenous retroelements by MOV10
Retroelements are some of the most successful parasites studied because of their ability to reverse transcribe and permanently integrate into the host genome. Host cells have, therefore, evolved multiple control mechanisms, such as cellular restriction factors, to protect their genomes from the …
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The study of ancient viral class II envelope fusion proteins within the viral retroelements of Nematoda and the nuclear plasmids of Dictyostelium
Within the parasitic nematode Ancylostoma ceylanicum, a nearly 20 million-year-old Bel/Pao LTR-retrotransposon encodes an ancient viral class II envelope fusion protein. Typically, retroviruses and related degenerate retrotransposons encode a hemagglutinin-like class I envelope fusion protein. A …
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Mammalian-wide interspersed repeats (MIRs) and their role in mammalian gene function and evolution
… belonging to the non-autonomous class of retroelements and are found in all mammals. The recruitment of an MIR element by a gene may provide insight into mammalian evolution and gene function.
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Molecular mechanism of KAP1-dependent transcriptional silencing
… to the repression of potentially harmful retroelements is KRAB-associated protein 1 (KAP1, also known as TRIM28 or TIF1β). Following its recruitment to retrotransposons by sequence-specific KRAB domain-containing zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs), KAP1 induces the assembly of an epigenetic …
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The ancient and recurrent evolution of Apobec3 antiviral activity in primates
… is likely to play a role in host defense against retroelements in primates and may alter our susceptibility to viruses.
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Epigenetic repression of intronless mobile elements by the HUSH complex
… means to distinguish invading RNA-derived retroelements from intron-containing host genes and provides a mechanism by which HUSH protects the genome from ‘non-self’ DNA. I propose that HUSH is a component of the innate immune system and intronless DNA the molecular pattern recognized by …
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DNA target site recognition by the Ll.LtrB group II intron RNP
Mobile group II introns are retroelements that site-specifically insert into DNA target sequences. The group II intron mobility pathway is mediated by a ribonucleoprotein particle (RNP) composed of excised intron RNA and an intron-encoded protein (IEP). The intron lariat inserts at a specific DNA …
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Regulation of APOBEC3 activity and HIV-1 replication by P-body associated proteins
… role in host mediated antiviral defence against retroelements, including HIV-1. Although much has been discerned regarding the anti-viral nature of these proteins, their cellular function, as well as mechanisms of functional regulation and cellular co-factors, remains poorly defined. To address …
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Identification and characterisation of murine metastable epialleles conferred by endogenous retroviruses
… epialleles associated with other types of LTR-retroelements. However, many of identified candidates showed no inter-individual methylation variation upon experimental validation. These results suggest that IAPs are the dominant class of ERVs capable of acquiring epigenetic states that are …
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Fluctuations and response in complex biological systems: Watching stochastic evolutionary and ecological pattern dynamics
… a model for the copy number dynamics of retroelements and the time it takes these elements to be lost from a population of cells depending on the observed growth rate defect, transposition rate, and inactivation rate. This model explains why Group II introns are present in about 30% of …
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The TREX1 3' Exonuclease and Autoimmune Disease: Structural and Biochemical Analysis of Disease Mutants Involved in Autoimmune Dysfunction
… and degrading DNA derived from endogenous retroelements. Four conserved acidic residues (D18, E20, D130, D200) coordinate two divalent cations within the TREX1 active site. Metal ion A directs nucleophilic attack on the scissile phosphate and metal ion B stabilizes the pentacovalent …
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P53 Genes Act to Restrain Mobile Elements
Oncogenic stress provokes tumor suppression by p53 but the extent to which this regulatory axis is conserved remains unknown. Using a biosensor to visualize p53 action, we find that Drosophila p53 is selectively active in gonadal stem cells after exposure to stressors that destabilize the genome. …
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Molecular analysis of sex chromosome evolution in papaya
… from the ancestral autosome. The accumulation of retroelements contributed the most to the expansion, supporting the prediction of accumulation of transposable elements in the early stages of sex chromosome evolution. Both the X and the HSY have gained and lost genes and a gene rearrangement has …