Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 29 for “"Restriction factor"”.
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TRIM5α is a poxvirus restriction factor: viral evasion strategies and a pathway to antivirals
… thesis describes cellular protein TRIM5α as a restriction factor for vaccinia virus (VACV) and two VACV countermeasures. This study followed up a proteomic analysis showing that VACV infection of TERT-immortalised human foetal foreskin fibroblasts (HFFF-TERTs) induced TRIM5 downregulation. This …
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Lethal Hypermutation Induced by the Innate Cellular Restriction Factor APOBEC Destroys HIV-1 in Infected Humanized Mice
… individuals. Identification of the innate immune factor, APOBEC, has revealed one such approach. The cytidine deaminases APOBEC3G and 3F have potent antiretroviral activity; however, they are neutralized by the HIV-1 Vif protein. In vitro, the absence of Vif allows the enzymatic activity of …
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INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE GLYCOSYLATED GAG PROTEIN OF A MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS AND MURINE APOBEC3: NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO HOW A MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS COUNTERACTS A RESTRICTION FACTOR
<p>APOBEC proteins have evolved in mice and humans as potent innate defences against retroviral infections. APOBEC3G (hA3G) in humans and mouse APOBEC3 (mA3) deaminate cytidine in single-stranded DNA which ultimately results in hypermutation of newly synthesized proviral DNA. Other …
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INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE GLYCOSYLATED GAG PROTEIN OF A MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS AND MURINE APOBEC3: NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO HOW A MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS COUNTERACTS A RESTRICTION FACTOR
<p>APOBEC proteins have evolved in mice and humans as potent innate defences against retroviral infections. APOBEC3G (hA3G) in humans and mouse APOBEC3 (mA3) deaminate cytidine in single-stranded DNA which ultimately results in hypermutation of newly synthesized proviral DNA. Other …
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Optimized Microbial Recombinant Production of HIV-1 Anti-Envelope Antibody Fragments with Applications to Single Particle Tracking of Virus Assembly
… mechanism of action of a known host cell HIV-1 restriction factor, Serinc5 (SER 5), which is believed to have correlation with Env in fusion events.</p> <p>Using superresolution microscopy to measure and track host–pathogen interfaces that occur on a scale below the resolution limit of the light …
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Are bats evolving more potent antiviral immune systems? Investigating the evolution and antiviral capacity of SERINC3 in Rhinolophus bats
… bat species. One of these genes is the antiviral restriction factor SERINC3. The SERINC protein family is a collection of transmembrane proteins conserved amongst mammals. SERINC3 and SERINC5 are members of this family that have previously been shown to inhibit viral infectivity in multiple …
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The Intracellular Kinetics of HIV-1 Replication
… assembly, the virus-directed removal of the host restriction factor APOBEC3G, takes place within 2.5 hours following late gene expression. One of the major processes HIV-1 must complete before it can produce new virions is the clearance of antiviral restriction factors that can block the …
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CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PATHWAYS CONTROLLING SARS-COV2 ASSEMBLY AND EGRESS
… genetic screens have been performed to find host factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We filtered the results of these screens to select the host proteins involved in membrane trafficking and focused our attention on the Endosomal Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery that appears …
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The Dynamic Interplay Between Lentiviral Vif and Human APOBEC3 Proteins
… with reverse transcription. HIV-1 counteracts restriction with its Vif protein, which nucleates a ubiquitin ligase complex that directly binds A3 enzymes and targets them for proteasomal degradation. My thesis research aims at understanding the dynamic interplay between lentiviral Vif and human …
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The Tansmembrane Associations of HIV-1 Vpu and its Human Targets
… including the NTB-A and PVR receptors and the restriction factor tetherin, downregulation occurs through direct interaction of the proteins’ transmembrane (TM) domains. The mechanism through which a single TM domain can interact with a wide range of targets that share no obvious interaction …
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Regulation of exogenous retroviruses and endogenous retroelements by MOV10
… multiple control mechanisms, such as cellular restriction factors, to protect their genomes from the pathogenic and mutagenic effects of retroelements. Identification of the full complement of these proteins is vital to comprehend the capacity of the host to regulate these genetic parasites. …
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The ancient and recurrent evolution of Apobec3 antiviral activity in primates
Host restriction factors are potent, widely expressed, intracellular blocks to viral replication that are an important component of the innate immune response to viral infection. However, viruses have evolved mechanisms of antagonizing restriction factors. Through evolutionary pressure for both …
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The Role of Linker 2 (L2) Region in RhTRIM5α Assembly and HIV-1 Restriction
<p>The cellular restriction factor TRIM5alpha inhibits infection by numerous retroviruses in a species specific manner. TRIM5alpha protein from rhesus macaques (rhTRIM5alpha) and a related protein TRIM-Cyp from Owl monkeys restrict infection by HIV-1 while human TRIM5α (huTRIM5alpha) …
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Identification and Characterisation of Human Cytomegalovirus-Mediated Degradation of Helicase-Like Transcription Factor
Viruses are known to degrade host factors that are important in innate antiviral immunity in order to infect successfully. To systematically identify host proteins targeted for early degradation by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), the lab developed orthogonal screens using high resolution multiplexed …
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Identification of Receptor Transporting Proteins As Conserved Antiviral Effectors in Vertebrates
… conflicts have shaped its evolution as a restriction factor not only in bats but across mammals. We assessed the antiviral efficacy of diverse mammalian RTP4 orthologs and found that orthologs exhibit striking patterns of antiviral specificity. Further highlighting the specificity of the …
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Novel pathways of human host defence against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
… (TB). An improved understanding of host factors that affect Mtb clearance by macrophages, the most important cell for Mtb defence, has the potential to improve treatment regimens for TB. My thesis describes how virulent double auxotroph Mtb H37Rv is distinguished by a greater capacity to …
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THE ROLE OF E6 PROTEIN IN HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS ASSOCIATED UPPER AIRWAY DISEASES
… immunofluorescence staining. SAMD9 is a host restriction factor for myxoma virus and vaccinia virus. We hypothesize that SAMD9 may have an anti-viral effect against HPV-11, which is still to be determined as we need to establish an efficient in vitro HPV-11 replication model. Due to the …
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THE ROLE OF E6 PROTEIN IN HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS ASSOCIATED UPPER AIRWAY DISEASES
… immunofluorescence staining. SAMD9 is a host restriction factor for myxoma virus and vaccinia virus. We hypothesize that SAMD9 may have an anti-viral effect against HPV-11, which is still to be determined as we need to establish an efficient in vitro HPV-11 replication model. Due to the …
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Understanding and Exploiting Viral Protein US28 During Human Cytomegalovirus Latency
… is mediated by a combination of host and viral factors, including the viral G-protein coupled receptor US28. Here, I explore mechanisms by which US28 optimises host cells for latent carriage. Using an unbiased proteomic screen, I have assessed changes in total host proteins induced by US28 and …
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New Roles for Mitochondria in Shaping Antiviral and Stress Responses
… that IRF1 is an essential vaccinia virus restriction factor in glucose/IFN-γ conditions. Furthermore, I find that glucose media enhancement of IFN-γ induced IRF1 protein levels is conserved for nearly one hundred million years of evolution. These data reveal an unappreciated ISG subprogram …
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