Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
Results
Showing 1 to 20 of 23 for “"Restriction Factors"”.
-
Proteomic Investigation of Interferon Alpha Stimulation and Viral Regulation to Identify Candidate Antiviral Restriction Factors
Antiviral restriction factors (ARFs) are host proteins that play key roles in inhibiting viral infection. The plasma membrane provides a critical interface between the cell and the virus, meaning that proteins present here are well situated to act as ARFs. An understating of these ARFs and how …
-
The ancient and recurrent evolution of Apobec3 antiviral activity in primates
Host restriction factors are potent, widely expressed, intracellular blocks to viral replication that are an important component of the innate immune response to viral infection. However, viruses have evolved mechanisms of antagonizing restriction factors. Through evolutionary pressure for both …
-
Host Proteins Interact with the Hiv-1 Core to Facilitate and Restrict
<p>Host cell proteins, termed restriction factors, which inhibit viral replication at various stages of the viral life cycle, determine the species-specific tropism of numerous retroviruses. Many members of the TRIM family of proteins act as viral restriction factors. One well-characterized example …
-
Transposable Elements and the Evolution of Virus Resistance in Drosophila melanogaster
… adds it to a growing list of poorly understood restriction factors, suggesting that virus resistance in Drosophila relies largely on these idiosyncratic restriction factors targeting specific viruses. Furthermore, we examine another instance of the Doc element insertion into the sequence of the …
-
Factors affecting replication and cross-species transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus
… invade a new species, lentiviruses must overcome restriction factors, dominant blocks to replication, and be able to make use of available host factors such as entry receptors for replication. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection is blocked at a post-entry stage by rhesus macaque TRIM5α, …
-
Molecular Mechanisms and Host Factors Involved in HIV-1 Latency
… certain circumstances. Host-encoded retroviral restriction factors like APOBEC3 (A3) proteins are part of our intrinsic immune defences against retroviral infection, introducing mutations in viral replication intermediates. We hypothesize that low levels of G-to-A transition mutations in the …
-
Regulation of exogenous retroviruses and endogenous retroelements by MOV10
… multiple control mechanisms, such as cellular restriction factors, to protect their genomes from the pathogenic and mutagenic effects of retroelements. Identification of the full complement of these proteins is vital to comprehend the capacity of the host to regulate these genetic parasites. …
-
The Impact of Host Factors on Retroviral Evolution and the Identification of a Novel Receptor That Was Used by an Ancient Primate Retrovirus
… Indeed, sequence analyses of modern primate restriction factors has suggested that these genes have evolved under positive selection, presumably due to their combat with invading pathogens throughout primate history. Here we investigate whether TRIM5 and APOBEC3 antiviral factors were able to …
-
The Intracellular Kinetics of HIV-1 Replication
… assembly, the virus-directed removal of the host restriction factor APOBEC3G, takes place within 2.5 hours following late gene expression. One of the major processes HIV-1 must complete before it can produce new virions is the clearance of antiviral restriction factors that can block the …
-
Identification and Characterisation of Human Cytomegalovirus-Mediated Degradation of Helicase-Like Transcription Factor
Viruses are known to degrade host factors that are important in innate antiviral immunity in order to infect successfully. To systematically identify host proteins targeted for early degradation by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), the lab developed orthogonal screens using high resolution multiplexed …
-
Differential modulation of HIV-1 capsid uncoating kinetics revealed by a novel single-particle uncoating assay
… HIV has evolved to exploit a network of host cofactors to regulate capsid stability while the cell has developed restriction factors that recognise the CA lattice to block infection. Despite of that, only few host binders have been identified, and their precise role is not well understood. The …
-
Restriction of Retrotransposition and Retroviral Infection by RNase L and APOBEC3G
The OAS/RNase L system is one of the major restriction pathways activated during the type I interferon response to viral infections. In this thesis I primarily explored its non-canonical functions beyond blocking viruses through degrading viral and cellular single-stranded RNA. Using …
-
APOBEC3 Transcriptional Regulation and HIV-1 Restriction in T Lymphocytes
… mechanisms that govern APOBEC3-dependent HIV-1 restriction, as well as Vif-dependent counteraction of this iii host defense, little is known about how these innate antiviral enzymes are regulated at the transcriptional level. The first part of this thesis identifies the CBF-β/RUNX transcription …
-
EBV-Associated Gastric Cancer: From Initial Infection to Unique Therapeutic Approaches
… genome knockout screen to identify cellular restriction factors of infection and outgrowth. Together, these data will provide novel insights into the process of EBV infection and the dynamic interplay between virus and host during tumorigenesis. Furthermore, I have used these models to …
-
Characterisation of Novel Secreted Antiviral Factors to Human Cytomegalovirus
… to a multitude of virally-encoded immune evasion factors. The broad immune response raised against the virus includes the action of intrinsic antiviral restriction factors, NK cells, neutralising antibodies and polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Although critical roles have been established for …
-
Fanconi Anaemia DNA crosslink repair factors protect against LINE-1 retrotransposition during mammalian development
… roles in restricting LINE-1. Germline-specific restriction factors, such as the piRNA, are critical to restrict LINE-1 retrotransposition preventing the acquisition of novel integrations between generations but also to maintain fertility. However, an emerging body of evidence has implicated DNA …
-
Exploring the Early Events in the HIV-1 Life Cycle: From Post-Entry Restriction to Nuclear Import
… to understand the mechanism of species-specific restriction of lentivirus infection in primates mediated by endogenous host cell restriction factors such as Lvl/TRIM5-a. Lastly, a potential role for non-pathogenic viral DNA episomal circles formed from integration-defective HIV virions as a novel …
-
Development of an Assay to study the Kinetics of HIV-1 Capsid Uncoating
… within the cell, and the viral or host cellular factors involved. However, studies investigating p24CA mutations which alter the stability, and consequently the kinetics of capsid uncoating, have shown that timely capsid uncoating is crucial for efficient HIV-1 infection. Recent advancements in …
-
Elucidating the Role of Phospholipid Scramblase 1 in Antiviral Innate Immunity
… normal host range. Understanding these intrinsic restriction factors and their mechanisms of action can help us understand how pathogens evolve to circumvent or oppose these factors, and identify those pathogens that might be poised to infect new species.In this thesis, I detail our findings that …
-
Dissecting the Novel Roles of TRIM56 in Antiviral Innate Immunity
… have emerged as a new class of host antiviral restriction factors, with several demonstrating roles in regulating innate antiviral responses. Of >70 known TRIMs, TRIM56 inhibits replication of bovine viral diarrhea virus, a ruminant pestivirus of the family <em>Flaviviridae</em>, but has no …
Page 1 of 2