Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 18 of 18 for “"RXLR"”.
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Identification and functional characterization of RXLR effector proteins that are conserved between downy mildew pathogens and Phytophthora species
… of Arabidopsis, contains at least 134 candidate RXLR effector genes. These genes contain an RXLR motif required for effector entry into host cells. Only a small subset of these candidate effectors is conserved in related oomycetes. Here, we describe a comparative functional characterization of …
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Structural basis for interactions of the Phytophthora sojae RxLR effector Avh5 with phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and for host cell entry
… into plant cells is mediated by conserved RxLR motifs in the effectors and phosphoinositides (PIPs) resident in the host plasma membrane such as phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P). Recent reports differ regarding the regions on RxLR effector proteins involved in PIP recognition. …
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Secretion and delivery of virulence proteins from <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> to its host
… classes of cytoplasmic effectors are the RXLR (Arg-any amino acid-Leu-Arg) class. RXLR is a highly conserved motif in genes encoding secreted proteins across many oomycete genomes, and is required for effector translocation from pathogen into host cells. However, little is known about how …
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How Oomycete and Fungal Effectors Enter Host Cells and Promote Infection
… via a highly conserved N-terminal motif known as RXLR-dEER without the use of any pathogen encoded machinery. In fungi an RXLR-like motif exists, [R,K,H] X [L,F,Y,M,~I] X, that is able to facilitate translocation without pathogen encoded machinery. Both functional RXLR and RXLR-like motifs are …
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An Interdisciplinary Approach: Computational Sequence Motif Search and Prediction of Protein Function with Experimental Validation
… host, soybean. Many of the effectors contain an RXLR-dEER motif in their N-terminus. More than 400 members belonging to this family have been previously identified using a Hidden Markov Model. Amino acids flanking the RXLR motif have been utilized to identify effector proteins from the P. sojae …
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The Role of Phytophthora Secreted Effectors in Determining Pathogen Host Range
… to classify 563 P. infestans and 515 P. capsici RXLR effector genes and defined families on the basis of sequence similarity. I found that the P. infestans and P. capsici RXLR complements are mostly species-specific. To investigate the role of ETI in nonhost resistance, 48 P. capsici and 82 P. …
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Transcriptomic studies of the early stages of potato infection by <i>Phytophthora infestans</i>
… This list included 114 transcripts for RxLR effectors, out of which 26 were detected from 12 hours post infection, including: Avr2, Avr3a, Avrblb1 (ipi01), Avrblb2, and the recently characterised RD2. Also of interest was that transcripts encoding a PAMP (CBEL) detected at 12 hours, were …
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Advancing detection, genomics, and secretome analysis of oomycete pathogens Phytophthora capsici and Phytopythium vexans to explore mechanisms of pathogenesis and biocontrol solutions
… compact genomes yet retained a broad array of RxLR and CRN effectors. Comparative analyses with reference strains LT263 and LT1534 v11.0 uncovered both conserved and unique effectors, suggesting that local adaptation may be shaping pathogenic potential in response to regional crop pressures. …
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STRUCTURE-FUNCTION STUDIES OF TRANSLOCATED EFFECTORS FROM THE LATE BLIGHT PATHOGEN
… late blight pathogen; PexRD2, a representative RXLR effector, and CRN8, an effector with kinase activity. Efforts to heterologously express CRN8 were hampered by protein insolubility and low yields. However, the crystal structure of PexRD2 revealed that it homodimerises, and was crucial to the …
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Molecular Analysis of Oomycete Pathogens to Identify and Translate Novel Resistance Mechanisms to Crops
… for genes that recognize core Phytophthora sojae RXLR effectors that are conserved within the pathogen species and essential for virulence. R genes that recognize these effectors will likely be effective and durable against diverse P. sojae isolates. We developed a system to deliver individual P. …
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Understanding Plant Pathosystems in Wild Relatives of Cultivated Crop Plants
… to probe Glycine soja germplasm with core RXLR effectors from P. sojae to search for novel R genes. We developed segregating populations from crosses of P. sojae resistant G. soja germplasm with susceptible G. max cultivar Williams to determine inheritance of potential R genes in germplasm …
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Elucidating essential roles of oomycee effector proteins in immune suppression and in targeting hormonal pathways in the host plant
… have characteristic motifs (signal peptide, RxLR and dEER) that target the effectors into plant cells. Although these effector genes are very diverse, certain genes are conserved between P. sojae and H. arabidopsidis, suggesting that they play important roles in pathogenicity. The goal of my …
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Investigating the role of downy mildew effectors in host resistance and susceptibility
… (called “HaRxLs”), carrying a characteristic RxLR protein motif, have been predicted from the Hpa genome sequence. This PhD work focused on the characterisation of some of these effectors and their interaction with plant defences. First, the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) strain DC3000 …
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Investigation of the recognition and host target of the Phytophthora infestans effector PiAVR2
… PhD, forward genetic studies identified three RXLR effector encoding genes within the AVR2 locus. By use of transient co-expression with the resistance gene R2 it was determined which of these genes was PiAVR2. A virulent form of PiAVR2, named PiAVR2-like, was found within isolates of P. …
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The Role of Alternaria and its Major Allergen, Alt a 1, in the Pathogenesis of Allergic Airway Disorders
… required for esterase activity and a unique RXLR-like motif which controls Alt a 1's ability to bind external lipids and enter human airway cells. Overall, these results improve our understanding of how Alternaria induces innate immunity and identifies possible therapeutic targets within …
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A functional study of the<em> Phytophthora infestans</em> Avr3a alleles and paralogs
… One such potential key pathogen molecule is the RXLR-containing effector Avr3a. Avr3a is highly up-regulated during infection and is also required for P. infestans pathogenicity. To date, all P. infestans isolates studied contain Avr3a alleles E80M103 and/or K80I103. However, a study of Avr3a …
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Phytophthora parasitica and lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) interactions: changes in gene expression during infection and after phosphite treatment
… genes encoding pectinase and cellulase CWDEs and RxLR effectors. In conclusion, the research described in this thesis has developed a new and robust model infection assay for use in studies of plant infection by P. parasitica and, potentially, by other Phytophthora species. The research also …
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Phytophthora parasitica and lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) interactions: changes in gene expression during infection and after phosphite treatment
… genes encoding pectinase and cellulase CWDEs and RxLR effectors. In conclusion, the research described in this thesis has developed a new and robust model infection assay for use in studies of plant infection by P. parasitica and, potentially, by other Phytophthora species. The research also …