Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 30 for “"RNA polymerases"”.
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Subunit Compositions of Arabidopsis DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases and the Roles of the Plant-Specific RNA Polymerases IV and V in Gene Silencing
In addition to RNA polymerases I, II and III, the essential RNA polymerases present in all eukaryotes, plants have two additional nuclear RNA polymerases, abbreviated as Pol IV and Pol V, that play non-redundant roles in siRNA-directed DNA methylation and gene silencing. Using a combination of …
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Genetic and Biochemical Properties of Arabidopsis RNA Polymerases IV and V
RNA Polymerases IV and V: Pol IV and Pol V) are plant-specific enzyme complexes with subunit homology to RNA Polymerase II: Pol II). The largest subunits in Pol IV and Pol V, NRPD1 and NRPE1 respectively, share a second largest subunit, NRPD2/NRPE2. The evolutionarily conserved Metal A and Metal B …
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The Role of Rna and Rna Polymerases in The Aging Process
Radioactive uracil incorporated into the total RNA of old Rhizoctonia solani cells was twofold less than that in young cells, but there was no change in RNA label following a chase with unlabeled uracil. As the concentration of labeled uracil in the medium increased, the amount of uracil label in …
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Gene expression in plastids of higher plants: evolutionary and functional aspects of different RNA polymerases - coordinated assembly of multiprotein-complexes
… of both prokaryotic (PEP) and eukaryotic (NEP) RNA polymerases. In order to understand, how far the transcriptional apparatus within plastids was adapted to nuclear needs, three approaches have been undertaken. Firstly, the tobacco homologues of the NEP-enzymes known from Arabidopsis were …
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Molecular evolution of the RNA polymerase genes and the phylogeny of seed plants
… done using chloroplast gene rbcL and nuclear rRNA genes. While these molecular markers revolutionized plant systematics, they do not contain enough phylogenetic information to resolve the phylogeny of seed plants. I used normalized splits, as a measure from spectral analysis, in examining data …
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Evolution of Transcription in Archaea and the Early-Diverging Eukaryote, Giardia Lamblia
… Projects span from analyses of the archaeal RNA polymerase to a unique genome survey of transcription components in an early-diverging eukaryote. It is apparent that the evolution of transcriptional machinery can be subdivided into the evolution of a core system and the evolution of a …
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Transcription termination by bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase at rho-independent terminators
… of transcription termination by bacteriophage RNA polymerases, templates encoding variants of the transcription-termination structure in the regulatory region of the threonine (thr) operon of Escherichia coli were used. The thr terminator comprises two distinct structural elements: a G+C-rich …
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Fluorescence assay for polymerase arrival rates
… assembly, and characterization strategies. The RNA polymerase arrival rate (PAR) is defined to be the rate that RNA polymerases arrive at a specified location on the DNA. Designing and characterizing biological modules in terms of RNA polymerase arrival rates provides for many advantages in the …
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An Investigation into the Evolution and Function of RNA-Directed DNA Methylation and its Component Proteins
RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is a major epigenetic pathway in plants that is required to establish methylation in all contexts and maintain CHH methylation. The function of RdDM is mediated by multiple proteins that are still being characterized in land plants. Pol IV and Pol V form a major …
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Mobile RNA reveal differential requirements for gene silencing in C. elegans at single-cell resolution
Delivery of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into animals can silence genes of matching sequence in diverse cell types through mechanisms that have been collectively called RNA interference. In the worm C. elegans, such organism-wide silencing relies on the transport of dsRNA to most cells and requires …
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A STUDY OF THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE TRANSCRIPTION AND DNA REPAIR.
… of all cellular processes. This DNA is "read" by RNA Polymerases (RNAP) to carry out the transcription process, which is one of the most vital regulatory mechanisms within the cell for gene expression. There are three important RNA Polymerases available in the cell. RNAPI synthesizes ribosomal …
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Επίδρση της Ν.Ν.- Διμεθυλο - Νιτρωδοαμίνη στο μεταβολισμό του RNA σε ΜΥΕΣ C57BL
… MALE C57B1 MICE CAUSES AN INHIBITION OF HN-RNA SYNTHESIS. THE EXTENT OF THE INHIBITION DEPENDS ON THE DOSE ADIMINISTERED: THUS 4 HOURS AFTER THE ADMINISTRATION OF A DOSE OF 40MG/KG DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, THE INHIBITION OF HNRNA SYNTHESIS REACHED 80%. IN CONTRAST, THE SAME DOSE CAUSED ONLY A …
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Multiscale dissection of bacterial proteome optimization
… expression, 'runaway transcription', whereby RNA polymerases are functionally uncoupled from pioneering ribosomes on mRNAs. To delineate biophysical rationales underlying these pressures, we formulated a parsimonious ribosome allocation model capturing the trade-off between reaction flux and …
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Molecular Genetic Analysis of Non-Catalytic Pol IV and V Subunits
… have the distinction of encoding multisubunit RNA polymerases used exclusively for RNA directed DNA Methylation: RdDM) in addition to Pol I, II, and III. In Arabidopsis thaliana, Pol IV is required for the biogenesis of 24nt siRNAs whereas Pol V transcription is needed for cytosine methylation …
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Engineering the interface between cellular chassis and synthetic biological systems
… the activity of a promoter reported in units of Polymerases Per Second (PoPS), a common signal carrier. Second, I begin to address the coupling that exists between engineered biological systems and the host cell, or chassis. I propose that the coupling between engineered biological systems and …
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Mechanisms of Transcriptional Control by the Mediator Complex Subunit Cdk8
… is a tightly regulated process wherein RNA polymerases (RNAPs) use DNA as a template to synthesize RNA. In eukaryotes, RNAPII transcribes all protein-coding and many types of non-protein-coding genes. The multi-subunit Mediator complex functions in RNAPII transcription regulation by …
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Site-specific phosphorylation of histone H1 associated with cell cycle progression and transcription
… H1 phosphorylation facilitates transcription by RNA polymerases I and II, and has an unanticipated function in ribosome biogenesis and the control of cell growth. In contrast to histone modifications enriched at gene regulatory regions, site-specific interphase H1 phosphorylation is enriched …
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Mechanical stability evaluation of i-motif and G-quadruplex structures under diverse circumstances
… the interaction with motor proteins, such as DNA/RNA polymerases, are poorly studied. Since DNA exists as a double stranded form in vivo, the investigation of i-motif becomes highly important to fully understand the biological functions of G-quadruplexes. Using laser tweezers based single-molecule …
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STRUCTURAL INSIGHTS INTO RNA POLYMERASE III PRE-INITIATION COMPLEX AND THE PIONEER ROLE OF OCT1
Despite the central role of small non-coding RNAs in RNA metabolism and gene regulation, the mechanisms by which RNA polymerase III (Pol III) is selectively recruited to snRNA promoters remain poorly understood. This is particularly notable because Pol II- and Pol III-transcribed snRNA promoters …
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The mechanism and function of pervasive noncoding transcription in the mammalian genome
… leads to short-lived, low-copy number noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). We are starting to understand the biogenesis and mechanisms regulating the noncoding transcription. However, it is still unclear what's the functional impact of pervasive transcription and the ncRNAs at the level of the'genome, the …
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