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Showing 1 to 20 of 24 for “"RNA modifications"”.
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The role of RNA modifications in mitochondrial translation
… the mitochondrial ribosome. Post-transcriptional RNA nucleotide modifications have been identified in mitochondrial (mt)-rRNAs. However, little is known about their role in terms of mitochondrial translation and/or ribosome assembly. The mitochondrial methyltransferase MRM2 modifies the human 16S …
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Characterisation of RNA modifications in human cancer cells
Chemical modifications have been studied as key modulators of RNA biology for over 50 years. There are now 171 RNA modifications that have been discovered throughout the three kingdoms of life1. These chemical changes overlay the standard RNA information and have been linked to a wide range of …
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RNA modifications and processing in cell homeostasis and in response to oxidative stress
RNA modifications and processing events are important modulators of global gene expression. Genomic mutations in the RNA methylase NSun2 and the alternative splicing factor Srsf2 are linked to neurological disorders and cancer in humans, respectively. NSun2 methylates cytosine-5 in most tRNAs and, …
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A systems-level analysis of dynamic reprogramming of RNA modifications in the translational control of cellular responses
… uridine, guanosine, cytosine), transfer RNAs (tRNA) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) are comprised of more than 100 enzyme-catalyzed modifications, with about 20-35 found in any one organism. Many of these modifications are highly conserved in all domains of life, which suggests important …
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An Inverse Electron-Demand Diels-Alder Strategy for Mapping RNA Methylation
Post-transcriptional RNA modifications, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 2'-O-methylation (Nm), and 5-methylcytosine (m5C), are critical regulators of gene expression. Mapping these modifications at single-nucleotide resolution, however, remains a major challenge as current methods often suffer …
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NANOPORE SEQUENCING AS A NEW TOOL TO EXPLORE COMPLEX TRANSCRIPTOMES
… repetitive regions and proposing as a method for RNA modifications detection. This versatility permits its application to different biological problems. For example, we leveraged an adaptation of direct-RNA Nanopore sequencing (dRNA-Seq), named NRCeq, to obtain a comprehensive full-length …
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Modulation of RNA Cytosine-5 Methylation by Neuronal Activity and Methyl-donor Folate
RNA epigenetics or Epitranscriptomics has emerged as a new field for understanding the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by RNA modifications. Among numerous types of RNA modifications, RNA cytosine-5 methylation (5-mrC) is recognized as an important epitranscriptomic mark that …
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The Role of tRNA methyltransferases in Cancer
RNA modifications have emerged as pivotal regulators of cellular homeostasis, stress adapta- tion, and disease, particularly within the context of cancer. Among these, tRNA modifications play a crucial role in maintaining translational fidelity and supporting cancer cell survival under adverse …
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Multilayered regulation of translation: roles of rRNA modifications, alternative initiation factors, and RNA-binding proteins
… in gene expression, where the ribosome decodes mRNA to synthesize proteins. This dissertation explores distinct regulatory layers that influence translation initiation and ribosome function, focusing on alternative initiation factors, ribosomal RNA modifications, and RNA-binding proteins. First, …
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ARCHITECTURE AND RNA RECOGNITION BY THE EUKARYOTIC M6A METHYLTRANSFERASE COMPLEX
RNA modifications are critical post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, influencing diverse biological functions. Among them, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most abundant mRNA modifications and contributes to key cellular processes, including mRNA processing, translation, and …
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Role of m<sup>6</sup>A RNA "reader" YTHDF2 in Mammalian Germ Cells and Early Embryo Development
RNA modifications affect the processing and metabolism of mRNA which ultimately leads to changes in gene expression. Regulation of gene expression is essential for every tissue and every organism, specifically in cell fate determination. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most abundant and …
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Decoding the Fabric of Life: Nanopore Sensing of Nucleic Acid Structure from the Primary to the Quaternary
… of organisation. These range from chemical modifications on nucleotides at the primary level through non-canonical tertiary structures like triplexes, and to quaternary structures such as naturally occurring ribosomes and artificially induced DNA/RNA nanostructures. The structure of nucleic …
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Investigating the impact of pharmacological exposures on the developing epigenome
… differences, beginning with the impact of AZA on RNA methylation in mESCs. I show that genetic perturbation of the RNA methylation machinery leads to disruption of imprinted gene expression, indicating a potential link between RNA modifications and the control of imprinted gene transcripts. …
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Characterizing Modified Nucleosides in RNA by LC/UV/MS
… in all types of ribonucleic acids (RNA) and increases the functional diversity of RNA, exceeding that of the four canonical bases. In ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) these modifications enhance RNA structure and contribute to the accuracy and efficiency of protein …
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The Role of Ribosomal Maturation Proteins WBSCR22 and EMG1 Methyltransferase Activity in Cancer
Internal RNA modifications are found both in coding and noncoding RNAs. In the ribosome, two highly conserved proteins catalyse the methylation of guanosine 1639 and pseudouridine 1248 residue of the 18S rRNA and they are known as WBSCR22 and EMG1. Both proteins are key factors for ribosome …
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A systems biology approach unravels the biological function of two tRNA wobble base modifications in fine-tuning translation and the response to environmental stress
tRNA molecules undergo extensive post-transcriptional modifications to produce several variations of the four canonical nucleotides. Despite the huge number of nucleotide modifications that have been identified in tRNAs, to date their biological roles and regulations continue to be poorly …
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Investigations into the role of RNA modification in the function of the c-Myc IRES
… pathways are used for the translation of mRNAs required as part of the cell stress response/permit cell survival, and internal ribosome entry segments (IRES) have been shown to recruit the mRNAs to ribosomes directly in these conditions. It is known that the majority of cellular IRESs, …
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Transcriptome-wide pseudouridine profiling reveals modification of critical E. coli mRNAs
Pseudouridine (Ψ) is an ubiquitous RNA modification, present in the tRNAs and rRNAs of species across all domains of life, and is now known to be present in the mRNAs of diverse eukaryotes. However, the modification was yet to be identified in bacterial mRNAs, and its functional roles remain …
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Evaluation of Computational and Experimental Parameters in RNA Bisulfite Sequencing Analysis and Applications in Brain Development Studies
Epitranscriptomics, the study of RNA modifications, has become a hotspot of research over the last decade. Over 170 unique modifications have been discovered with a widespread occurrence in a diverse range of RNAs. 5-methylcytosine, m5C, is an evolutionarily conserved and reversable modification …
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Uncovering the Roles of Human C2H2-Zinc Finger Protein ZNF121 in Gene Regulation
… process. Regulation of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II is coordinated by an elegant arrangement of protein machinery and chromatin architecture, and the resulting pre-mRNA is post-transcriptionally processed and regulated at every step to buffer, reduce, or amplify its protein output. …
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