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Showing 1 to 11 of 11 for “"QACs"”.
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Biodegradation of QACs in lake and river water and effects on the microbial community
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are a class of commonly used organic cationic biocides. Disinfectant products contain QACs that are above the minimum inhibitory concentration of most microbes. After usage and wastewater treatment, however, many QACs end up in surface waters at sub-inhibitory …
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Fate and effect of alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride in mixed aerobic and nitrifying cultures
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are widely used in commercial and consumer applications as disinfectants, fabric softeners, hair conditioners, and emulsifying agents. The massive production and utilization of QACs has led to their extensive discharge into the environment, raising concerns …
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Elucidating the Molecular Pathways Involved in the Fitness and Water Stress Response of Pseudomonas synxantha 2-79 in the Plant Rhizosphere
… called quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). We tested this hypothesis by identifying waters stress response pathways in the 2-79 genome and then constructing a series of isogenic mutants deficient in one or more biofilm matrix and QAC transporters. The analysis of mutants revealed that …
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Elucidation of the Specificity of S. meliloti Chemoreceptors for Host Derived Attractants
… amino acids and quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). At all points possible, we have compared alfalfa with the closely related non-host, spotted medic (Medicago arabica). The chemotactic potency of alfalfa seed exudate is the same as spotted medic seed exudate, however, the attractant …
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Effects of Quaternary Ammonium Disinfectants on Mouse Reproductive Function
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are antimicrobial disinfectants commonly used in commercial and household settings. While these compounds have been used for decades, reproductive toxicity has not been thoroughly evaluated. Extensive use of QACs results in ubiquitous human exposure to …
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Characterization of the Sinorhizobum Meliloti Chotaxis System
… to quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) sensing. QACs are exuded by germinating alfalfa seeds. In vitro binding assays were performed to determine ligand binding characteristics. S. meliloti chemotaxis behavior to QACs was analyzed in in vivo capillary assays under real-time imaging. These studies …
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Chemical and biological evaluation of antibiotic-based ionic liquids and GUMBOS against pathogenic bacteria
… several different quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) on Escherichia coli O157:H7, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. The synthesized API-ILs were validated with proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and elemental analysis. Melting points, …
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Mechanistic Insights on The Immunomodulatory Functions of Diverse Environmental Factors on Systemic Autoimmunity
… in MRL/Lpr mice that have been exposed to QACs vs. those kept under a complete QAC-free condition. QAC-based disinfectants CP-64 or Labsan 256 were used under QAC-exposed conditions, while ethanol was used in the QAC-free environment. We found that compared to QAC-free mice, ambient …
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Evaluation of Nitrification Inhibition Using Bench-Scale Rate Measurements, Profile Sampling, and Process Simulation Modeling
… containing quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). Due to available blower capacity during construction it was planned that nitrification would not be maintained during the fall of 2009. In an effort to stop nitrification, the solids retention time (SRT) was purposely reduced over a period of …
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Evaluation of a Microalgal Bioassay Based on Community Level Physiological Profiling (CLPP)
… bioassay. Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) were used as potentially toxic model compounds to demonstrate the applicability of the assay. Toxicity of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DTAC) and didecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DDAB) on the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus varied …
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Risk factors for work-related asthma in health workers with exposure to diverse cleaning agents in two African health care settings
… certain medical instrument cleaning agents (OPA, QACs and enzymatic cleaners) and tasks (pre-cleaning of medical instruments, changing sterilisation solutions and manual disinfection of medical instruments) as well as certain patient care activities (disinfection prior to procedures, …