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Showing 1 to 17 of 17 for “"Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase"”.
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The role of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase in glucose and ketone body metabolism
The expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) 2 and 4 are increased in the fasted state to inactivate the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) by phosphorylation to conserve substrates for glucose production. To assess the importance of PDK2 and PDK4 in regulation of the PDC to maintain …
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Adaptations of skeletal muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase in response to food-restriction in mitochondrial subpopulations
University, 2006 Dr. Sandra J. Peters Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) catalyses the decarboxylation of pyruvate, to form acetyl-CoA. PDH activity is down-regulated by intrinsic PDH kinases (predominantly PDK2 and PDK4 isoforms), but the understanding of the PDK isoform distribution and adaptation to …
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Dichloroacetate, a inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1, attenuates hypoxia-induced resistance to 5-fluorouracil in gastric cancer cells
… of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 (PDK-1) were analyzed in tissues from 10 patients with gastric cancer who had different responses to adjuvant 5-FU treatment. For the in vitro assays, cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated with and without …
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Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in response to skeletal muscle contraction at two stimulation frequencies in pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 knockout mice
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) plays an important role in regulating carbohydrate oxidation in skeletal muscle. PD H is deactivated by a set of PD H kinases (PD K 1-4) with PDK2 and 4 being the predominant isoforms in skeletal muscle. PDK2 is highly sensitive to pyruvate inhibition, and is the most …
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Regulation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 by Thyroid Hormone / Role of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator-1 alpha and Ccaat Enhancer Binding Protein
<p>Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) regulates pyruvate oxidation through the phosphorylation and inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). The PDC catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and it is an important control point in glucose and pyruvate metabolism. Previous …
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The effects of R(+)-lipoic acid supplementation on regulation of human skeletal muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase
… lipoic acid supplementation decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase activity (PDK) (0.09 ± 0.024 min"^ vs. 0.137 ± 0.023 min'\ n=4). The fasting levels of the activated form of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHa) were decreased following lipoic acid (0.42 ± 0.13 mmol-min'kg'^ vs. 0.82 ± 0.32 …
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Molecular Analyses of the Soybean Glabrous Mutation (P1) and of Transgenic Lines Designed to Modify Seed Composition
… project aimed to reduce the expression of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK) gene by RNAi. The PDHK gene regulates the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) by reversible phosphorylation of the E1alpha subunit of the PDC. The PDC catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of …
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Different Effect of 5-Fluorouracil on Expression of Genes Related to Aerobic Glycolysis According to Chemoresponsiveness in Gastric Cancer Cells
… glucose transporter 1(GLUT1), phospho-glycerate kinase 1(PGK1) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1(PDK1) genes were dose- dependently decreased in MKN45 after 5-FU treatment, but not in SNU216. The rate of glucose uptake in MKN45 was significantly inhibited by increasing the dose of 5-FU. The …
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Novel Functions of Cetuximab In Egfr-Targeted Therapy: Radiosensitization, Glycolysis Inhibition, and Cellular Redox Status Regulation
… glutamine transporter ASCT2, which is in an EGFR-kinase activity inhibition independent manner. Applications of these mechanism studies lead to findings of novel therapeutic targets to improve cetuximab responses and/or overcome cetuximab resistance. We proved that targeting HIF-1 improves …
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Characterizing PDK4 and PKC-Theta in Pancreatic Cancer and Cachexia
… abnormalities and systemic inflammation. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 (PDK4) is upregulated in the skeletal muscles of many cancer cachexia models and has been shown to drive muscle wasting in some conditions. We show that despite being upregulated in an orthotopic mouse model of PDAC …
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Chickens Selected for High Body Weight Show Relative Impairment in Fatty Acid Oxidation Efficiency and Metabolic Flexibility in Skeletal Muscle and White Adipose Tissue
… and is influenced by activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). The Virginia lines of chickens are a unique model of anorexia and obesity that have resulted from 56 generations of artificial selection for high (HWS) or low (LWS) juvenile body weight. We hypothesized that …
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Differential gene expression and molecular mechanisms associated with development of pale, soft and exudative (PSE) turkey meat
… and organization of actin cytoskeleton. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 4 (PDK4), which regulates glucose oxidation, showed substantial decreased expression with both microarray (FC = -25.9) and RNA-Seq (FC = -14.1); thus, this gene was chosen as a candidate gene for further …
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Toxicity mechanism of anthropogenic water contaminants: drinking water disinfection by-products (haloacetic acids) and particle associated contaminants from sealcoats (polyaromatic hydrocarbons) in lake sediments
… inhibitors of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) where, di-, and triHAAs were weaker inhibitors. MonoHAAs greatly reduced the ATP contents of the cells. Unlike monoHAAs, triHAAs increased the cellular ATP levels as compared to the negative controls. Exogenous pyruvate …
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Preclinical evaluation of pharmacological strategies designed to enhance the activity of established and novel anti-cancer drugs. Synopsis: Evaluation of pharmacological strategies designed to modulate the Warburg effect, enhance the activity of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and novel analogues of Temozolomide.
… uptake. Using clinically approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors and Bortezomib, significant enhancement of chemosensitivity was observed when used in combination with inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase (Gossypol) and pyruvate kinase dehydrogenase (Dichloroacetate). In contrast, depletion of …
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Preclinical evaluation of pharmacological strategies designed to enhance the activity of established and novel anti-cancer drugs. Synopsis: Evaluation of pharmacological strategies designed to modulate the Warburg effect, enhance the activity of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and novel analogues of Temozolomide.
… uptake. Using clinically approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors and Bortezomib, significant enhancement of chemosensitivity was observed when used in combination with inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase (Gossypol) and pyruvate kinase dehydrogenase (Dichloroacetate). In contrast, depletion of …
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Coupling mechanisms of insulin secretion - roles of mitochondrial metabolism and cAMP.
… secretion. We have found that anaplerosis via pyruvate carboxylase is essential for both phases of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, presumably via generation of an increased ATP/ADP ratio. Further, we discovered that expression of PDK1 is upregulated in INS-1 832/13 cells cultured at high …
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Carnosine’s inhibitory effect on glioblastoma cell growth is independent of its cleavage
… the amino acid also increased expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) mRNA expression. These observations pointed towards the possibility that carnosine could just be a vehicle, delivering L-histidine to target cells, and that release of the imidazole-containing amino acid is …