Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 69 for “"Psychology, Psychobiology"”.
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Absolute Pitch and the P300: A Neuromusicological Study
The hypothesis has been confirmed. While the rare events presented in the contour and visual tasks do elicit P300's from both AP and RP subjects, the amplitude of the P300 elicited from the AP subjects in the pitch memory task is significantly smaller than that of the controls. There is also a …
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Gender and Menstrual Cycle Effects in Human Spatial Cognition
This hypothesis was supported by evidence from these experiments that, while each gender performs equally well in a fully furnished virtual reality environment, only the performance of women is adversely affected when furnishings are removed. Hormone replacement therapy in elderly women and …
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Use of Inbred Strains for the Study of Individual Differences in Pain Related Phenotypes in the Mouse
A wealth of genotypic and phenotypic information about inbred strains of laboratory mice is being collected and assembled in large databases. Sophisticated mining of this information can be useful in generation of hypotheses regarding the sources and nature of phenotypic variability, both …
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The Representation of Normally-Voiced and Whispered Speech Sounds in the Temporal Aspects of Auditory Nerve Responses
Whispered and normally-voiced speech sounds were encoded by distinct patterns in the AN, when responses of all fibers were included. These common representations support and describe auditory mechanisms for speech perception.
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Estradiol Has Distinct Effects on the Hippocampal and Striatal Memory Systems
Findings from these studies highlight the distinct actions of estradiol in the hippocampus to enhance place learning and in the striatum to impair response learning. By altering the responsiveness of hippocampal and striatal cells to experience, estradiol biases the type of information obtained, …
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The Effects of Lactational and Gestational Exposure to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin or Coplanar PCBs on Spatial Learning and Memory
One way in which rats are able to solve the RAM without employing memory systems is by using a response strategy. The most obvious response strategy that would yield better performance on the RAM is adjacent arm selection. A final study was conducted, in which TCDD-exposed animals were tested on …
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Reinforcement Learning and the Error -Related Negativity: A Computational and Neurophysiological Investigation
"This thesis presents a unified account of two neural systems concerned with the development and expression of adaptive behaviors: a mesencephalic dopamine system for reinforcement learning, and a ""generic"" error-processing system associated with anterior cingulate cortex. The existence of the …
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Neuropsychological and Psychosocial Predictors of Children's Depression
The role of regional brain activity, children's perceptions of mother-child relationships, perceptions of interparental conflict, and reports of family-related stress in predicting symptoms of depression, aggression, and anxiety were examined in 624 5th and 6th graders. Perceptual asymmetry on a …
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Structure of the Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex Is Influenced by Sex Across the Lifespan
The development and aging of sex differences in the volume, neuron number and glial cell number in the mPFC, as well as frontal white matter volume, were also examined in both sexes using unbiased stereological techniques. Ventral rat mPFC gray matter volume increased prior to puberty and then …
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Great (Syntactic) Expectations: Multiple Structures and the Case for Parallelism in Language Processing
Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) are used to address a controversial issue in language-processing research, namely whether the parser proposes more than one possibility for how a sentence will continue. Relatively little research has used ERPs to answer this question, and previous studies have …
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Emotion, Depression, and Asymmetric Brain Function
Although numerous electroencephalography (EEG) studies have shown that depression is associated with abnormal functional asymmetries in frontal cortex, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) studies have largely failed to identify specific brain regions …
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Neural Mechanisms Involved in Emotion /Attention Interactions
Although it is well-established that emotional context modulates attention and that this modulation varies across different types of clinical groups, the exact mechanisms involved remain unclear. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), amygdala, dorsal (dACC), and rostral (rACC) anterior cingulate …
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Multiple Forms of Stimulus Representation in Visual Working Memory
These experiments demonstrated the existence of multiple levels of stimulus representation and their interactive nature. They also showed that the ERL method can be used to reveal different forms of stimulus representation across different time windows.
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Lifespan Changes, Sex Differences, and Hormone Effects in the Primary Visual Cortex of the Rat and the Associated Area of the Corpus Callosum, the Splenium
Effects of aging were also investigated in Oc1 and the splenium. Examination of neuron number in aged animals (19-22 months) found that Oc1 was significantly impacted during aging, with both males and females losing neurons (18-20%) between day 90 and old age, maintaining the sex differences in …
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Aging and Cognitive Control: Hemispheric Differences and White Matter Integrity
"The ability to flexibly control cognitive processed declines with aging. Age-related changes in cognitive control have been associated with white matter as well as gray matter decline. Specifically, it has been established that anterior regions of the corpus callosum (aCC) decline with advanced …
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Cortical Recruitment in Multiple Sclerosis: An fMRI Investigation of Individual Differences
Multiple Sclerosis, a neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system currently affects about 1,000,000 people worldwide. It is considered to be the second leading cause of physical disability in young adults and severely affects several aspects of functioning including physical, cognitive …
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Aging and Ventral -Visual Dedifferentiation of Perceptual Representations
Age-related ventral-visual activity has been characterized by dedifferentiation of brain responses to different categories of visual stimuli such as faces and houses that typically elicit highly specialized responses in specific regions of young adult brains. Cross-category ventral visual …
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The Effects of Age and Culture on Default Network Function: Frontal Compensation With Age; Modulation Differences Across Culture
Examining age and culture effects offers a unique perspective into brain function. In the current set of experiments, the effects of age (young and old) and culture (East Asian and Western) on the activity of the default network was examined in a memory encoding paradigm. With respect to age, it …
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Time Course of Regional Brain Activity Associated With Top-Down Attentional Control in Depression
A network consisting of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (LDLPFC) has been implicated in cognitive control. Very few studies have investigated how this network is altered in psychopathology, despite evidence that depression and anxiety are associated …
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Medial Temporal Lobe Structures Contribute to on -Line Processing
Results described in preceding chapters reinforce and extend the emerging view that structures of the medial temporal lobe contribute to the on-line processing of visual stimuli. These experiments uniquely demonstrate that the MTL is necessary for normal apprehension of even single stimuli when …
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