Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 707 for “"Prior Knowledge"”.
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Alignability and Prior Knowledge in Category Learning
… with the roles of structural alignment and prior knowledge in category learning. Structural alignment (Gentner, 1983, 1989) is a theory that claims that similarity comparisons entail a process of aligning the components of the things being compared, determining what corresponds to what. The …
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Prior Knowledge and Reading Comprehension Test Bias
… examined bias, especially that due to prior knowledge, in tests of reading comprehension. A pilot study demonstrated that prior knowledge has a strong and measurable effect on comprehension from expository text, even when measured with multiple choice questions. This was demonstrated in …
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Improving prior knowledge assessment in process characterization
… intensive, both human and capital, so leveraging prior knowledge from previous experiments is essential. Until now, using data from past experiments data relied on a centralized static document called Prior Knowledge Assessment (PKA). The PKA aggregates the results of many statistical models that …
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Combining Prior Knowledge and Data: Beyond the Bayesian Framework
… a novel algorithm which efficiently integrates prior knowledge into large margin classification. For reinforcement learning, we introduce a novel framework for defining and solving planning problems in terms of qualitative statements about the world. In compiler optimization, Bayesian prior …
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Combining prior knowledge and nonparametric models of chemical processes
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 1996.
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Diagramming Prior Knowledge in the Classroom: A Case Study
Engaging the student's prior knowledge is considered by educational researchers to be an important part of constructing a strong foundation for new learning. Diagrams are one technique used in the classroom. Jill Larkin and Herbert Simon described the computational advantages of diagrams over text …
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Inference of Gene Regulatory Networks with integration of prior knowledge
… limitations of existing methods. Traditionally, prior knowledge in GRN inference simplifies the problem by reducing the search space, but its full potential is unrealized. This research aims to develop a method that uses prior knowledge to guide the GRN inference process, enhancing accuracy and …
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On the use of prior knowledge in deep learning algorithms
… tasks. Is there a way for us to incorporate prior knowledge into the underlying framework? In this work, we examine how prior information on a task can be incorporated, to more eciently make use of deep learning algorithms. First, we investigate the case of phase retrieval. We use our prior …
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Product categorization and consumers' prior knowledge: implications for comparative advertising
Over the years, marketing researchers have conducted several investigations measuring the effectiveness of comparative advertising. The results of the investigations in this stream of research have been equivocal. While the results of some of the studies show comparative advertising inferior to …
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Use of prior knowledge in classification of similar and structured objects
… this dissertation we propose a framework using prior knowledge about modeling the structures in the examples to concentrate information for classification. The framework is instantiated to the task of classifying pairs of similar offline handwritten Chinese characters. We empirically demonstrate …
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Inferring Signal Transduction Pathways from Gene Expression Data using Prior Knowledge
… time-series data. Subsequently, it incorporates prior knowledge to limit false-positive predictions. Finally, a naive Bayes classifier is used to predict new edges. The Beacon inference engine predicts new edges with a recall rate 77.6% and precision 81.4%. 24% of the total predicted edges are …
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Enhancing General Language Models for Biomedical Test Retrieval via Diversified Prior Knowledge
The thesis introduces the Diversified Prior Knowledge Enhanced General Language Model (DPK-GLM) to improve the efficacy of general language models in biomedical Information Retrieval (IR). General language models often struggle with biomedical data due to its specialized terminology and the need …
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Prior Knowledge and Recall of Text Details: Assimilation, Correction, and Prediction-Postdiction Discrepancy
… ability phenomenon. Positive effects on type 2 knowledge-updating were strongest for Ss with good reasoning skills.
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The role of temporal factors and prior knowledge in causal learning and judgment
… must be addressed: how do people acquire knowledge of causal relationships (causal learning), and how do people use that knowledge to make predictions and draw inferences (causal judgment)? The first part of this thesis is concerned with causal learning, and draws on the foundation of …
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Word alignment and smoothing methods in statistical machine translation: Noise, prior knowledge and overfitting
… thesis discusses how to incorporate linguistic knowledge into an SMT system. Although one important category of linguistic knowledge is that obtained by a constituent / dependency parser, a POS / super tagger, and a morphological analyser, linguistic knowledge here includes larger domains than …
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The Effects of Hypertext and Prior Knowledge on Learning Geographic Information in Social Studies
… to compensate for students' lack of background knowledge. Finally, findings from this study provide evidence that the use of hypertext tends to increase student interest in learning social studies by encouraging students to become actively involved in the learning process.
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Event Typicality and Memory: Investigating How Prior Knowledge and Novelty Modulate Memory for Complex Events
… by factors such as novelty and congruence with prior knowledge (typicality). Despite a long history of research, studies on the neural underpinnings of the mnemonic effects of novelty and typicality rarely examine complex naturalistic event memories. Moreover, it is uncertain how these effects …
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How training set and prior knowledge affect preschoolers' perception of quantity and early number learning
<p>This dissertation examines how training on the iPad can improve children’s quantity recognition, and whether different types of training might be warranted for children with different levels of experience. Study 1 tested the effects of multiple exemplar training (3 cars / 3 apples / 3 ducks, …
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