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Showing 1 to 20 of 49 for “"Peroxynitrite"”.
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Peroxynitrite-mediated oxidations: nitration and nitrosation
… second-derivative spectroscopy method, three peroxynitrite preparative methods were investigated for the nitrite and nitrate present either as impurities or produced during peroxynitrite decomposition: (I) ozonation of azide, reaction of hydrogen peroxide with (II) isoamyl nitrite and (III) …
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Genomic consequences of DNA oxidation by peroxynitrite
… combine in a diffusion-limited reaction to form peroxynitrite, a powerful oxidizing and nitrating agent capable of damaging a variety of biomolecules, including DNA. Of the four nucleobases of DNA, guanine has the lowest oxidation potential and thus considerable attention has been given to the …
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Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite-induced cellular damage
… research was undertaken to better understand peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻)D NA damage chemistry at the level of deoxynucleosides, oligonucleotides, and plasmid DNA. Peroxynitrite, a powerful oxidant with hydroxyl radicallike reactivity, is formed in biological systems from the rapid reaction between …
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The Roles of Peroxynitrite and Superoxide in Oxidative Damage to E. Coli
Peroxynitrite (ONOO$\sp{-}),$ a toxic biomolecule produced from the reaction of superoxide and nitric oxide (NO$\cdot)$ in the phagolysosome, may also be toxic by the same mechanism as O$\sb2{-}.$ Our in vivo results indicated that peroxynitrite has the same intracellular targets as superoxide. Of …
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The Role of Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite in Human Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation
… We hypothesized that nitric oxide (NO) and/or peroxynitrite (ONOO-) may play a role as redox mediators during early embryogenesis. After having working cell banks of mouse fibroblasts and hESCs, an eighteen-day hESC early differentiation system was established through the formation of embryoid …
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Molecular Probes for Biologically Important Molecules: A Study of Thiourea, Hydroxyl radical, Peroxynitrite and Hypochlorous acid
… also reacts with nitric oxide in cells to yield peroxynitrite, which is highly reactive and damages biomolecules. Both hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite readily react with amino acids containing aromatic side chains. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) carries cholesterol in the human body. Elevated …
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A study of the deoxyribose fragmentation products formed by oxidation of DNA with [gamma]=radiation, peroxynitrite and calicheamicin
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 1997.
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Development of an analytical method to quantify the oxidative deoxyribose damage product 3'-phosphoglycolaldehyde induced by radiation, iron and peroxynitrite
Deoxyribose oxidation in DNA forms strongly electrophilic terminal blocking groups and abasic sites capable of stopping polymerases, forming DNA-protein crosslinks and nucleobase adducts. These threats to the genetic integrity of cells are caused by exogenous and endogenous oxidizing agents and may …
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Green tea antioxidants inhibition of oxidation and mutation
… or indirectly with strong oxidizers e.g. peroxynitrite or its constituents (superoxide or nitric oxide). Green tea antioxidants can destroy the oxidants. Based on a simple chemical interaction of peroxynitrite (OONO-) and luminol, blue light is produced upon oxidation. It was shown that …
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The Effects of Blast-Induced Neurotrauma on Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability, Cell-Cell Junction Protein Levels and the Role of Peroxynitrite
… and increases the formation of potent oxidant, peroxynitrite. A better understanding of the direct and indirect effects of blast exposure on the brain will contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the unique pathology associated with BINT.
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Persistent Oxidative Damage Accounts for the Origin of Mutations Observed in Uterine Pathology
… the adjacent guanine. 8oxoG, in the presence of peroxynitrite, can form guanidinohydantoin or spiroiminodihydantoin and mispair with guanine, explaining C:G>G:C mutations. We show that uterine tissue is persistently exposed to peroxynitrite, which can also generate nitrotyrosine by interaction …
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Cytochrome c peroxidase : its role in nitrosative stress and purification as a GST-fusion protein
… H 2 O 2 to H 2 O. Titration of CCP with peroxynitrite [ONOO(H)] formed a species with an absorption spectrum identical to compound I/II at a ONOO(H)/CCP ratio of 1.65 ± 0.10. Titration of the CCP species formed with ferrocytochrome c, gives a ratio of ferrocytochrome c/CCP = 1.87, …
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Diffusion and reactions of nitric oxide, oxygen, and superoxide in cells and culture media
… its cytotoxicity and genotoxicity may be due to peroxynitrite (ONOO-), formed by the rapid reaction of NO with superoxide (02-)- Superoxide is a byproduct of mitochondrial respiration and of certain cytosolic reactions, and it is present in virtually all cells. Thus, intracellular ONOO- formation …
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Diffusion and reaction of nitric oxide in cell cultures
… compounds such as nitrous anhydride (N2O3) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-), formed during its reaction with molecular oxygen or superoxide anion (O2-)- It is not technically feasible to monitor the concentrations of these species under most conditions of interest, yet assessing the amounts of these …
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Cardiovascular function in animal models of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes : the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)
… as well as activity of iNOS. The formation of peroxynitrite was increased in the heart tissue of the ZDF rats. Selective inhibition of iNOS by 1400W (N-3-aminomethyl-benzyl-acetamidine) did not alter responses to dobutamine in the control rats, but augmented the contractile effects of …
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XRCC1 & DNA MTases : direct and indirect modulation of inflammation-induced DNA damage
… oxygen and nitrogen species (RONs), including peroxynitrite and nitric oxide (NO'), may potentiate malignancy. We hypothesize that the base excision repair (BER) pathway modulates susceptibility to malignancy, by modulating the BER-intermediate levels, large scale genomic rearrangements and …
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Nitrogen oxide delivery systems for biological media
… species (RNS) such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and peroxynitrite formed from the respective reactions of NO with oxygen and superoxide anion. Controlled delivery of these RNS at levels expected to occur in vivo is desirable in studying these processes and their role in the etiology of various …
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Probing Isoforms of the Prion Protein through Tyrosine Nitration
… labeling patterns of three PrP isoforms with peroxynitrite and tetranitromethane, as detected by mass spectrometry, are reported. Two conserved tyrosine residues (tyrosines 149 and 150) are not labeled by either reagent in the normal cellular form of the prion protein but these residues become …
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Probing Isoforms of the Prion Protein through Tyrosine Nitration
… labeling patterns of three PrP isoforms with peroxynitrite and tetranitromethane, as detected by mass spectrometry, are reported. Two conserved tyrosine residues (tyrosines 149 and 150) are not labeled by either reagent in the normal cellular form of the prion protein but these residues become …
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