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Showing 1 to 20 of 55 for “"Pavlovian"”.
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Pavlovian-Instrumental Interactions and Avoidance Learning
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-13T18:22:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 7820956.pdf: 3034884 bytes, checksum: b33bad7eb600701e0f5b9fc7f1f8f438 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1978
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Controlled and automatic processes in Pavlovian-instrumental transfer
… processes that underpin human outcome-selective Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT) effects. PIT reflects the capacity of a Pavlovian stimulus to selectively potentiate an instrumental response that predicts a common rewarding outcome. PIT effects are often suggested to reflect a relatively …
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Contributions of Reward Identity and Time Prediction Errors to Pavlovian Learning
… nature of this learning using outcome-specific Pavlovian-to-Instrumental (PIT) testing. PEs of both reward identity and timing enabled learning towards the novel stimuli that would not have otherwise occurred (an “unblocking” effect), and this learning was specific to each reward. In Experiment …
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Response patterning in goldfish: single alternation in a Pavlovian aversive paradigm
<p>Single alternation behavior was studied in a Pavlovian aversive shuttle response situation with goldfish. Pronounced patterning, equivalent to groups receiving concurrent trial discriminative cues, was observed in groups receiving a relatively short interval between reinforced and non-reinforced …
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Partial reinforcement effects in Pavlovian (CER) conditioning: between and within subjects
Rats were used in an experiment which investigated the effects of partial and continuous reinforcement of the CER. A 2 x 2 mixed design provided for the factorial combination of 100% and 50% reinforcement schedules with two discrete conditioned stimuli. Analysis of bar press suppression revealed a …
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Pavlovian Influences on Instrumental Action: Roles of Dopamine, Working Memory, and Learning
Contains fulltext : 332389.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)
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Fear Not: Exploring the Role of Memory Suppression During Pavlovian Fear Extinction
… research areas: memory suppression and Pavlovian fear extinction. Memory suppression is a cognitive process whereby unwelcome memories intruding into our awareness are pushed out of mind, allowing us to regain control over the contents of our consciousness. Pavlovian fear extinction, on …
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A move towards studying both pavlovian & instrumental contributions to conditioning abnormalities in the anxiety disorders
… almost exclusively on passive- emotional, Pavlovian conditioning, rather than active-behavioral, instrumental conditioning. Paradigms capable of eliciting both Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning are thus needed to experimentally study the maladaptive behavioral consequences of …
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Behavioural and Neuronal Correlates of Long-term Contextual Memory for Cocaine: Relevance to Craving and Relapse
… drug-associated contexts are addressed: (1) Are Pavlovian conditioned associations between cocaine experience and the context in which it occurred maintained in long-term memory after extended periods of abstinence? (2) Are regions of the mesocorticolimbic circuitry, namely the nucleus accumbens …
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The Influence of an Appetitive Conditioned Stimulus on Interval Timing Behavior
<p>Pavlovian incentive motivation provides a theoretical framework on the basis of which experiments can be designed to examine the effects of motivational variables on timing behavior. The Pavlovian-Instrumental transfer (PIT) paradigm is a prototype for studying Pavlovian incentive motivation. …
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Neuropsychology of reinforcement processes in the rat
… striatum in the control of rats’ behaviour by Pavlovian conditioned stimuli, and in their capacity to choose delayed reinforcement. First, the function of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in simple Pavlovian conditioning tasks was addressed. The ACC is a subdivision of prefrontal cortex that …
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Computational and Human Learning Models of Generalized Unsafety
… learning on generalized unsafety, using a Pavlovian threat-conditioning paradigm. The difference in learning threatening cues ([CS+] paired with an aversive stimulus) compared to safety cues ([CS-] not paired with an aversive stimulus) was used as a proxy measure of generalized unsafety, as …
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Conditioned acquisition and augmenting effects in causal attributions for employee performance
… analog of a short-delay conditioning paradigm in Pavlovian learning was used to test the prediction that under certain conditions, human causal judgments would reflect acquired response properties that can be either increased (augmented) or decreased (discounted). The learning experiment was …
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Conditioned acquisition and augmenting effects in causal attributions for employee performance
… analog of a short-delay conditioning paradigm in Pavlovian learning was used to test the prediction that under certain conditions, human causal judgments would reflect acquired response properties that can be either increased (augmented) or decreased (discounted). The learning experiment was …
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Investigating Maladaptive Habit Formation and Threat Influences in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
… can be captured using a procedure called Pavlovian-Instrumental Transfer (PIT). PIT refers to the influence of previously learned pavlovian stimuli on instrumental action and is commonly used to assess the motivational influences of reward-related cues on behaviour. The current state of …
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Behavioural correlates of the equine stereotypy phenotype
… change reported in stereotypic horses. A Pavlovian to Instrumental Transfer task was initially employed, in which horses were first trained in a Pavolvian procedure, and subsequently trained to perform an instrumental response, reinforced by the same food as in the Pavlovian phase. In the …
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An Exploration of Target Event Encoding in a Predictive Learning Task with Humans: Integrated or Separable Processing?
<p>A major theme in the study of Pavlovian learning explores how attributes of a predicted event are represented and encoded. In Pavlovian conditioning, the conditioned stimulus (CS) is frequently assumed to associate with one or more of the various attributes of a motivationally significant …
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The role of species typical cues in sexual conditioning : analysis of potential adaptive specializations in learning
The Pavlovian conditioning of sexual behavior involves the association of a conditioned stimulus (CS) with a live female (the unconditioned stimulus or US). Studies using male domesticated quail have shown that adding taxidermic female head and neck cues to a CS results in facilitated conditioned …
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The Role of Glutamate in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in the Acquistion and Expression of Conditioned Approach
… expression of reward-related learning using a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm, the conditioned-approach paradigm. Rats with surgically implanted cannulas were exposed to Pavlovian conditioning sessions that occurred on three alternative days (acquisition) or seven consecutive days (expression). …
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Aprendizaje inconsciente: Condicionamiento a estímulos visuales subliminales
The role of consciousness in Pavlovian conditioning was examined in two experiments in which visually masked neutral words were used as the conditioned stimuli (CS) and an electric shock as the unconditioned stimulus (US). The inter-stimulus interval (ISI) was established individually. A detection …
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