Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 35 for “"Pancreatic β-cells"”.
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Evaluating Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Pancreatic β-Cells
… variant signaling on the health and function of pancreatic β-cells. The variants of ERα differ in the presence of two activation function (AF) domains, which regulate transcriptional activities. ERα66 possesses both domains, ERα46 lacks the AF-1 domain, and ERα36 lacks both the AF-1 and AF-2 …
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Nature of Large Vesicle Exocytosis in Pancreatic β-cells: Release of ATP and GABA
… expression of P2X2 receptor channel in secreting cells. The presence of ATP sensitive channel on the cell membrane permitted the electrical detection of minute (amoles) quantities of ATP and thus created a possibility to measure ATP released from a single insulin granule. The release of peptides …
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TMEM27: A Cleaved and Shed Plasma Membrane Protein That Stimulates Pancreatic Beta Cell Proliferation
… the replication of terminally differentiated β cells are unclear. In this thesis I report the identification of a gene encoding transmembrane protein 27 (TMEM27) in pancreatic β cells. Expression of Tmem27 is reduced in Tcf1-/- mice, which exhibit defects in proliferation, and is increased in …
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Studies in beta cells and adipocytes in the context of obesity and T2D - focusing on PDE3B, OPN and SCFAs
… tissues and reduced insulin exocytosis from pancreatic β-cells. Obesity, which dramatically increases worldwide, is associated with insulin resistance and T2D. In this thesis, we elucidate the effects of hormones and nutrients on biological responses and regulatory mechanisms in pancreatic …
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Advanced glycation end product precursors in diabetes: a crucial link between oxidative stress and inflammation?
… concentrations in both monocytes and pancreatic β-cells.<br/><br/>In this work several new and important observations have been made regarding the action of α-dicarbonyls on oxidative stress and inflammation. 1) The amount of oxidative species production by α-dicarbonyls in glycation …
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Erythropoietin Signaling in Pancreatic Beta Cells in Homeostasis and in Models of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
… exerts cytoprotective effects on non-erythroid cells. However, the in vivo role of EPO on the pancreatic β cells has not been evaluated to date. We hypothesized that EPO would have direct cytoprotective effects on the pancreatic β cells and provide protection against experimental models of …
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Genetic and Molecular Analysis of Islet-and Liver-Enriched Transcription Factors in Metabolism and Development
… the glucokinase gene, the glucose sensor of the pancreatic β-cells, and the insulin gene also lead to impaired glucose tolerance. Using molecular and genetic approaches, we demonstrated that the MODY genes are functionally related and form an integrated transcriptional network that plays an …
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Microfluidic Assessment of Stem Cell-Derived Pancreatic Beta Cells
… traditional methods of perifusional analysis of cells, pancreatic β cells in particular, involve the utilization of costly equipment exhibiting difficulties in setup and inflexibilities in operation and application. Microfluidic devices in general are inexpensive, easy to fabricate and are …
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GLP1R IS A T CELL NEGATIVE COSTIMULATORY MOLECULE
… of glucose metabolism, known to be expressed by pancreatic β-cells, gastric mucosa and hypothalamic appetite center. Recently, GLP1R mRNA has been detected on T lymphocytes; however, its function in these cells remains poorly understood. We herein investigated the extent of GLP1R expression in T …
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Zebrafish Models of KATP Channelopathies
… K+ channel accompanying KATP down-regulation in pancreatic β-cells – providing novel hypotheses that may help to explain associated KATP channelopathies.
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Mitochondrial Involvement in Pancreatic Beta Cell Glucolipotoxicity
… free fatty acid (NEFA) levels can cause pancreatic β-cell failure. The molecular mechanisms of this β-cell glucolipotoxicity are yet to be established conclusively. In this thesis by exploring mitochondrial energy metabolism in INS-1E insulinoma cells and isolated pancreatic islets, a …
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Nutrient sensing by the mTORC1 pathway in physiology
… in nutrient sensitivity of the mTORC1 pathway in pancreatic β cells. We found that this shift is required for β cells to acquire glucose-responsive insulin secretion after birth. We further demonstrated that modulating nutrient-responsive mTORC1 activity can be therapeutically exploited to improve …
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Identification of genipin as a potential treatment for type 2 diabetes
… insulin resistance, and the dysfunction of β-cells. While there are several therapies for T2D, there is no effective treatment that can reverse the functional decline of pancreatic β cells in T2D patients. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone secreted by human intestinal L …
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Signalling to intracellular Ca2+ channels
… contribute to regulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Amplification by RyR of the Ca$^{2+}$ signals evoked by voltage-gated Ca$^{2+}$ channels may contribute to the second phase of insulin release, but the role of RyR in the plasma membrane is unresolved. My aim was to define the …
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The effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on inflammatory markers and metabolic control in healthy individuals and type 1 diabetics using either insulin pump or multiple dose injection
… from the chronic and progressive destruction of pancreatic β-cells by the immune system cells. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is becoming a popular technique for insulin delivery among T1D patients. Exercise is known to exert anti-inflammatory effects and metabolic control. …
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Pyruvate Cycling Pathways and Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic Beta Cells
Pancreatic β-cells secrete insulin in response to glucose. Intracellular glucose metabolism drives a cascade of events, including ATP production, calcium influx, and insulin processing, culminating in insulin granule exocytosis. However, insulin secretory mechanisms are incompletely understood. …
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Molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of beta-cell viability by Signal Regulatory Protein-Alpha (SIRPα)
… 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterised by pancreatic β-cell demise, resulting in a requirement for permanent insulin therapy. Pro-inflammatory cytokine pathways, acting via STAT1 and STAT2, contribute to β-cell death whereas anti-inflammatory mechanisms (operating via cytokines such as …
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Trafficking motifs in potassium channels
The pancreatic ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels couple glucose metabolism to excitability of the pancreatic β-cells to regulate insulin secretion. The channel subunits, Kir6.2 and SUR1, are encoded by the KCNJ11 and ABCC8 genes respectively. Genetic polymorphisms in these genes, which reduce …
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A Study of the Molecular Immunogenetics of Type 1 Diabetes in Man
… 1 diabetes is caused by immune destruction of pancreatic β cells. There is increasing evidence that genes outside the MHC region contribute to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Cytokines due to their role in immune regulation seem to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the disease. …
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