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Showing 1 to 2 of 2 for “"PQL"”.
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Impacts of Ignoring Nested Data Structure in Rasch/IRT Model and Comparison of Different Estimation Methods
… methods, such as Penalized Quasi-Likelihood (PQL), Laplace approximation, and Adaptive Gaussian Quadrature (AGQ), commonly used in HGLM in terms of accuracy and efficiency in estimating parameters. As expected, PQL tended to produce seriously biased item difficulty estimates and ability …
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On semiparametric regression and data mining
… only include popular penalised quasi-likelihood (PQL) approximations (Breslow & Clayton, 1993) but variational approximations. Originating in physics, variational approximations are a relatively new class of approximations (to statistics) which are simple, fast, flexible and effective. They have …