Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 25 for “"Osmolytes"”.
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The Influence of Osmolytes on Nucleic Acid Helical Conformations
… by macromolecular crowding agents and smaller osmolytes that accumulate in response to environmental stresses. The effects of these cosolutes were observed on the transition of helical conformation from B-DNA to Z-DNA. Distinct from the familiar, right-handed B-DNA, Z-DNA is a left-handed …
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Effects of Osmolytes on Amyloid-beta Protein Surface Activity and Membrane Interactions
… is highly crowded, with macromolecules and osmolytes occupying up to 40% of the cellular volume. The resulting molecular crowding and preferential exclusion modulate the thermodynamics of protein reactions to favor those that reduce total system volume and minimize solvent exposed surface …
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EFFECTS OF OSMOLYTES ON THE CONFORMATIONAL STABILITY AND HYDRODYNAMIC RADII OF IMMUNITY PROTEIN 9 AND HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN
Abstract Osmolytes affect protein stability through direct interactions with a protein, indirectly by perturbing the properties of the solvent water, and by a combination of these. In this thesis the conformational stability of the colicin E9 immunity protein (Im9) and Human serum albumin (HSA) …
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The nanomechanics of polycystin-1: A kidney mechanosensor
… Urea is known to destabilize proteins. Other osmolytes found in the kidney such as sorbitol, betaine and TMAO are known to counteract urea¡¯s negative effects on proteins. Nothing is known about how the mechanical properties of PC1 are affected by these osmolytes. Here I use nano-mechanical …
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Short-term recovery from a volume increase in the mouse zygote: Characteristics of regulatory volume decrease in vitro.
… concentration of one of a number of organic osmolytes was added to the experimental media, and the ability of the zygote to perform RVD in the presence of each was determined. A number of organic compounds demonstrated an inhibition of RVD, and thus, identified a number of organic compounds …
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Molecular mechanisms of gating and selectivity in transport channels
… channels open under membrane tension to release osmolytes along with water. MscS, consists, beside the transmembrane channel, of a large cytoplasmic domain (CD) that features a balloon-like, water filled chamber opening to the cytoplasm through seven side pores and a small distal pore. The CD is …
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The Influence of the Cellular Environment on Z-DNA Formation
In the cell, chemically diverse solutes known as osmolytes accumulate in response to environmental stresses. To add to the understanding of how the environment inside a cell affects nucleic acid folding and function, we investigated the influence of cosolutes on the transition from B-DNA to Z-DNA …
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Melanin-independent accumulation of turgor pressure in appressoria of Phakopsora pachyrhizi
… Melanin functions as an impermeable barrier to osmolytes, which allows appressoria to accumulate high turgor pressure. Deficiency of melanin in appressoria reduces turgor pressure and compromises the infection process. In Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the soybean rust pathogen, the appressoria are …
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Regulation of Volume by Spermatozoa and Its Significance for Conservation Biology
… of somatic cells involves the movement of osmolytes through various channels, including potassium channels. The potassium channels involved in volume regulation of human, monkey, and murine spermatozoa were investigated. Flow cytometry was used to gauge the sensitivity of the volume …
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The Elasmobranch-Microbe Relationship: Trimethylamine n-oxide Synthesis, Urea Hydrolysis, and Microbe-Osmolyte Interactions in the Atlantic Stingray, <i>Dasyatis sabina</i>
… (TMAO). Despite the abundance of these plasma osmolytes, it is notable that elasmobranchs appear to lack urease and TMA oxidase (Tmase), enzymes that scavenge urea-nitrogen and synthesize TMAO, respectively. However, urease and Tmase are found in many species of bacteria. Therefore, I …
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Self-assembly of globular protein-polymer diblock copolymers
… upon rehydration. The addition of small molecule osmolytes is demonstrated to eliminate this reversible loss and improve protein functionality retention up to 100% in the solid state. Osmolytes with a high glass transition temperature are capable of increasing the thermal stability of dehydrated …
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INTERACTIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS WITH MICROALGAE AND LICHEN: INSIGHTS FROM MULTI-PLATFORM METABOLOMICS
… chlorophylls, membrane lipids, glutathione, and osmolytes. Only fatty acids oxidation was particle-specific. In chapter 4, elemental and metabolic profiles of the lichen Dirinaria picta after exposure to road traffic revealed heavy metal detoxification mechanism through reactive oxygen species …
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Effects of salinity stress, ammonia exposure and feeding on excretory nitrogen metabolism in the marble goby, oxyeleotris marmorata
… regulation partially achieved by using FAAs as osmolytes. Long-term seawater exposure resulted in increase in sodium-potassium-ATPase activities in the gills and intestine. Glutamine accumulated in tissues of fish exposed to ammonia in freshwater or seawater, but increased glutamine synthesis …
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SURVIVING UNDER PRESSURE: TRANSLATIONAL REWIRING IN RESPONSE TO MECHANICAL STIMULI
… the regulation of macromolecular production and osmolytes. Considering the importance of density and protein homeostasis, we decided to explore whether similar mechanisms may play a role in the responses of tumor cells upon mechanical stress. To shed light on the mechanisms, we have employed …
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G-Quadruplexes As Molecular Targets For Transcriptional Control
… on VEGF G4 stability, (b) a variety of osmolytes and crowding co-solvents for their ability to recapitulate the physiological structure in single-stranded ex vivo conditions, (c) characterizing and targeting the biologically relevant G4 in the kRAS core promoter for a novel approach to …
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Environmental and Biotic Drivers of Seaweed–Bacterial Interactions: Insights into the Seaweed Holobiont
… in the significant up-regulation of several osmolytes such as trigonelline and 2-homoectoine, which could serve as future stressor markers. The impact of mean temperature rise on host-microbiome interactions is then explored through examining shifts in seaweed surface chemistry, bacterial …
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Application of NMR-based metabolomics techniques to biological systems: a case study on bivalves
… in the content of amino acids and organic osmolytes in relation to both metal nature and bivalve species. These findings show that NMR-based metabolomics has the required sensitivity and specificity to gain insights into the biochemical consequences arising upon heavy metals exposure, …
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Investigating the bioprotective properties of sugars
… was to investigate the stabilizing properties of osmolytes, specifically sugars on biomolecule such as protein. The strategy used in this study involved the utilisation of surfactant-rich micelles; where by the impact sugars have on the free energy of exposure of hydrocarbon groups present within …
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Evaluating the resilience of Antarctic echinoderms to Southern Ocean freshening: Short- and long-term responses
… potentially acting as both compatible osmolytes, cryoprotectants and even an energy reserve. Overall, this thesis demonstrates that Antarctic echinoderms are capable of short-term resilience to moderate salinity reductions, with certain species showing remarkable tolerance and varying …
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