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Showing 1 to 20 of 50 for “"Organophosphates"”.
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Effects of organophosphates on neural and purified liver tissue transglutaminase
… and it has been reported that certain organophosphates are able to inhibit this process, and the organophosphate phenyl saligenin compound also disrupts TGase 2 activity. It has also been shown that the organophosphates chlorpyrifos (CPF) and chlorpyrifos oxon (CPFO), which cause …
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Natural attenuation of organophosphates in river systems: Chattahoochee River case study
Three organophosphoric acid triesters, tributyl phosphate (TBP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) have been detected in surface waters across the world, primarily the result of sewage treatment plant discharge. Despite concentrations as low as a few …
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Ion mobility and mass spectrometric investigations of organophosphates related to chemical warfare agents and pesticides
… CWA simulants ions produced in the IMS. For the organophosphates dimethyl methylphosphonate, diethyl methylphosphonate and diisopropyl methylphosphonate, two ion mobility peaks were observed, which are shown to be the ammoniated monomer and ammoniated dimer ions. Using an ElectroSpray Ionisation …
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Development of a model cell culture system in which to study early effects of neuropathy-inducting organophosphates
Certain organophosphorus (OP) compounds produce a delayed neuropathy in man and susceptible animal species after early inhibition and aging of the enzyme, neurotoxic esterase (neuropathy target esterase, or NTE). In this study, the human neuroblastoma cell line, SY-5Y, was examined for its …
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THE IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF ORGANOPHOSPHATE FLAME RETARDANTS IN RAW MATERIALS UTILIZED IN POLYURETHANE PRODUCTION
… These restrictions include the limitation of organophosphates. Extensive research has been conducted to examine the effects of organophosphates in humans. To date, researchers have predominantly focused on the final product, mainly furniture and bedding products, rather than the raw materials …
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Comparative evolution of mipafox-induced delayed neuropathy in the rat and hen
… and chemical warfare agents. Exposure to certain organophosphates produces a delayed degeneration of the longest and largest nerve fibers, including those of the ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord, a condition termed organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). …
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STUDIES ON INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN TUTA ABSOLUTA (MEYRICK), WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON CHARACTERISATION OF TWO TARGET SITE MECHANISMS
… significant variation in susceptibilities to organophosphates and pyrethroids, which are a major class of neurotoxic insecticides and acaricides used extensively over the last decades. One important mechanism of resistance to pyrethroids, termed knockdown resistance (kdr), has been shown to …
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Cross resistance to organophosphorus compounds in malathion- and diazinon- resistant strains of the German cockroach
… induces a low level of tolerance to all the organophosphates studied, but there are indications that in most cases this is due to vigor tolerance rather than to true resistance. There is reason to believe that if carboxyesterase activity is responsible for the resistance phenomena to …
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The study and optimization of the Enzyme Inhibition Bioassay 96 for the detection of organophosphate and carbamate compounds
… parathion are organophosphorothioates, which are organophosphates with a P=S bond, and when these compounds are oxidized the compounds are converted to their oxygen analogs (P=O, substitution of a sulfur with an oxygen). Thus, this project was directed at determining the optimum oxidizing agent …
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Methods and applications in computational protein design
… an enzyme that hydrolyzes toxic organophosphates including pesticides and chemical warfare agents. Second, we introduce BroMAP/A*, an exhaustive branch-and- bound search technique with enumeration. We compare performance of BroMAP/A* to DEE/A*, the current standard for …
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Respiratory allergy and asthma associated with pesticide exposure amongst women in rural Western Cape
… between pesticide exposure (predominantly organophosphates and carbamates) and the presence of allergy and asthma among women farm workers and residents. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 211 women including those working and living on farms (farm dwellers, n=121) and those residing …
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Genetic polymorphisms and organophosphate neurotoxicity amongst emerging farmers in the Western Cape
BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to organophosphates (OPs) can cause chronic neurotoxic effects which may be modulated by genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic metabolising enzymes (XMEs). No previous study investigated XME modulation of neurotoxicity outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether XMEs …
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The effects of different levels of dietary protein on the toxicity and metabolism of malathion and parathion and their oxygen analogues
… when exposed to acute levels of these organophosphates and possibly other similar compounds.
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Identification and Screening of Biomarkers of Human Exposure to Environmental and Food Toxicants in Sewage
… the aim to assess the population exposure to organophosphates, triazines and pyrethroids. A specific analytical method based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated to measure human urinary metabolites of pesticides in influent wastewater. This method was …
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Phosphate Tether-Mediated, One-Pot Metathesis Processes: Application in Small Molecule Synthesis
… exploiting several salient features inherent to organophosphates, including (i) orthogonal stability under acid conditions, (ii) possessing leaving group ability, (iii) multivalent activation of carbinol centers, (iv) protecting group attributes, and serving as a (v) temporary tether that can be …
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Long-term neurodevelopmental effects of acute organophosphate poisoning amongst South African children
… In addition to the well described acute effects, organophosphates (OP), can cause long-term neurotoxicity. This study aims to evaluate long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in a sample of paediatric survivors of acute organophosphate poisoning (OPP) a subject which has, to date not been well …
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Factors affecting loggerhead shrike mortality in Virginia
… occurrence of low levels of organochlorine and organophosphates in all birds analyzed for pesticide contamination. Also, I present statistical models to predict age and sex of loggerhead shrikes; wing chord and tail white on rectrix 5 were the most useful variables in discriminating sexes and …
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The effects of three insecticides on oothecal-bearing German cockroach, Blattella germanica L., (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae), females
… but was delayed 24 h in experiments with organophosphates. The mortality of treated females which prematurely dropped their oothecae was higher than females retaining them (73% vs. 53%). Percentage nymphal emergence and survival were reduced when oothecae were placed on an insecticide …
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Exploring the interaction between asymmetric phosphonates and acetylcholinesterase. Probing the gorge and P-site via customized covalent modification
<P>Organophosphates (OPs) react with acetylcholinesterases (AChEs) to form a covalent bond at a specific serine residue in the active gorge, thereby providing a highly precise modification of this enzyme and an opportunity to explore protein structure, function and mechanism. The goal of this study …
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Exploring the interaction between asymmetric phosphonates and acetylcholinesterase. Probing the gorge and P-site via customized covalent modification
<P>Organophosphates (OPs) react with acetylcholinesterases (AChEs) to form a covalent bond at a specific serine residue in the active gorge, thereby providing a highly precise modification of this enzyme and an opportunity to explore protein structure, function and mechanism. The goal of this study …
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