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Showing 1 to 20 of 89 for “"Organophosphate"”.
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Developmental Toxicity of Organophosphate-Based Flame Retardants
… at least one of the two major classes of organophosphate-based flame retardants (OPFRs) - chlorinated phosphate esters (CPEs) and aryl phosphate esters (APEs). Due to rapid adoption as PentaBDE replacements, organophosphate-based flame retardants (OPFRs) have been detected at …
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Development of a phosphotriesterase enzyme assay for determination of organophosphate pesticides
… catalyzes the hydrolysis of a wide range of organophosphate insecticides such as paraoxon and parathion and nerve toxins such as soman and sarin. This project resulted in the development of novel phosphotriesterase enzyme assays to measure paraoxon and other representatives of the …
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Genetic polymorphisms and organophosphate neurotoxicity amongst emerging farmers in the Western Cape
BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to organophosphates (OPs) can cause chronic neurotoxic effects which may be modulated by genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic metabolising enzymes (XMEs). No previous study investigated XME modulation of neurotoxicity outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether XMEs …
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Long-term neurodevelopmental effects of acute organophosphate poisoning amongst South African children
… In addition to the well described acute effects, organophosphates (OP), can cause long-term neurotoxicity. This study aims to evaluate long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in a sample of paediatric survivors of acute organophosphate poisoning (OPP) a subject which has, to date not been well …
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Studies on in Vivo Inhibition and Recovery of Cholinesterase Activity in Organophosphate Treated Insects
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-09T20:27:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6507078.pdf: 2831374 bytes, checksum: bac82c56a2880b6fe59581b3c672134f (MD5) Previous issue date: 1965
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THE IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF ORGANOPHOSPHATE FLAME RETARDANTS IN RAW MATERIALS UTILIZED IN POLYURETHANE PRODUCTION
… These restrictions include the limitation of organophosphates. Extensive research has been conducted to examine the effects of organophosphates in humans. To date, researchers have predominantly focused on the final product, mainly furniture and bedding products, rather than the raw materials …
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Penetration and permanence of an organophosphate and a pyrethroid in structural wood for insect control
Studies were conducted on the penetration and permanence of 1.0% chlorpyrifos [0,0-diethyl 0-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate], formulated as Dursban® TC (Dow Chemical Co.), in pine (Pinus spp.), spruce (Picea spp.), and fir (Abies spp.). Results indicated the highest degree of …
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Changes in the Murine Nigrostriatal Pathway Following Pyrethroid and Organophosphate Insecticide Exposure: An Immunohistochemical Study
… were the pyrethroid permethrin (PE) and the organophosphate chlorpyrifos (CP), both of which possess properties that could damage or disrupt the nigrostriatal pathway, which is the principal neurodegenerative target in PD. The present study examined possible alteration of the amount of …
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OPEs, What Do We Do? Modeling Emissions, Fate, and Mitigation of Organophosphate Esters in Urban Systems
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are high production volume chemicals that span a broad range of physicochemical properties. Their global distribution raises concern that they could be classified as Persistent Mobile Organic Compounds (PMOCs) for which assessment tools and mitigation measures are …
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The association of depression, impulsivity and suicidal ideation with organophosphate pesticide exposure amongst South African farm workers
The objectives were to evaluate the validity and reliability of four neurobehavioral instruments used in the study and to test three models hypothesised as possible causal pathways between OP exposure and depression, impulsive behaviour and suicidal ideation.
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Investigating Seasonal and Occupational Trends of Five Organophosphate Pesticides in House Dust in the Lower Yakima Valley, WA
… Seasonal and Occupational Trends of Five Organophosphate Pesticides in House Dust in the Lower Yakima Valley, WA</bold> Katie M McDonald Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) are a class of insecticides and pesticides that have become widely used. Adult exposure routes and health effects of OPs …
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The study and optimization of the Enzyme Inhibition Bioassay 96 for the detection of organophosphate and carbamate compounds
… 96 is an assay that can detect the presence of organophosphate and carbamate compounds, providing scientists with valuable information to focus their future sampling efforts. The assay is based on the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase by organophosphate and carbamate compounds. The …
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The relationship between urinary organophosphate pesticide residues and reproductive development among boys living in the rural Western Cape
… and urinary levels of 3 dialkyl phosphates (organophosphate pesticide metabolites) including di-ethyl, di-methyl and di-methyl triphosphate (DEP, DMP and DMTP). Results: The median (interquartile range) of age and sum dialkyl phosphates of the school boys was 12 years (9-13 years) and 68.3 …
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Relationship between urinary levels of organophosphate metabolites and pesticide exposures among rural school boys of the Western Cape
… exposure risk factors and urinary levels of organophosphate (OP) pesticide metabolites among children is generally incomplete and conflicting in some cases. There is therefore a need for further research. Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between socio-economic, demographic …
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The Effect of Organophosphate Exposure on Neocortical, Hippocampal and Striatal Monoamines: A Potential Substrate for Chronic Psychiatric, Cognitive and Motor Dysfunction
… acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, such as organophosphate insecticides (OPs), have also been shown to induce these problems. This study investigated whether insecticide-induced AChE inhibition, induced by chlorpyrifos (CPS), may contribute to the types of forebrain monoaminergic alterations …
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Effects of organophosphate esters on blood vessels: a physiological, pharmacological, and histological assessment of involvement in organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN)
The contribution of the cardiovascular system. to organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) was examined using in situ and in vitro models for demonstration of response to vasoactive agents (e.g., the cholinergic agonist, acetylcholine; the α1 agonist, phenylephrine; and the β2 agonist, …
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Development of an inline cleaning procedure and a concentration method for analyzing low levels of organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers in sediment
"To minimize the background contamination of organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizes (OPFPs) during sediment analysis, an inline cleaning procedure was developed to clean materials (extraction cell, glass fiber filters, diatomic earth, and aluminum oxide) involved in sediment extraction …
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Early Effects of Organophosphate Compounds on In Vitro Intracellular Signaling and Levels of Active Neurotrophin Receptors, and on In Vivo Neurotrophin Concentrations
… cause both acute and delayed symptoms, including organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). This syndrome is characterized by Wallerian-like degeneration of nerves in the central and peripheral nervous system after exposure to neuropathic OP compounds. There are many questions surrounding …
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