Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 36 for “"Nutrient Sensing"”.
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Hypothalamic Nutrient Sensing
Nutrient sensing neurons are unique in coupling changes in the concentration of nutrients to changes in neuronal activity. These neurons typically exist in regions of the brain where the blood brain barrier is fenestrated, such as the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Glucose and leucine are …
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Nutrient sensing by the mTORC1 pathway in physiology
… diverse array of environmental inputs, including nutrients like glucose and the amino acids leucine and arginine, whose sensing mechanisms are beginning to be identified. However, the role and implications of nutrient sensing by mTORC1 in mammalian physiology remains poorly understood. Here, we …
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Understanding the nutrient sensing branch upstream of mTORC1
mTORC1 is a master regulator of cell growth that responds to diverse environmental inputs and is deregulated in human diseases, such as cancer and epilepsy. One important input to this system is amino acids, such as leucine, which require the Rag GTPases and its regulators, including GATOR1 and …
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Evolution of nutrient sensing in the mTORC1 pathway
… regulates growth and metabolism in response to nutrient availability. In mammals, the mTORC1 pathway monitors the concentration of certain amino acids using dedicated nutrient sensors, which bind directly to their cognate metabolites. Unlike other components of the mTORC1 pathway, which are …
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Nutrient Sensing in Immune Function: A Systems Biology Approach
Nutrient deprivation through caloric restriction or time-controlled fasting has a profound impact on reducing risk factors and symptoms of inflammatory disease. Studies have highlighted the immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of nutrient deprivation, suggesting a critical role for …
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Molecular regulation of nutrient sensing and immunometabolism by calorie restriction
… metabolic diseases. CR is known to impact nutrient sensing and immuno-metabolic processes in immune cells, but not much is known about skeletal muscle, the largest tissue in the body. We first delve into the literature that describes the interaction of CR and epigenetic mechanisms: DNA …
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Structural and Functional Characterisation of the Nutrient Sensing Kinase GCN2
… is crucial to its survival. The availability of nutrients is a fundamental part of the environment, and so cells must be able to identify when they are plentiful and when they are scarce, and adapt accordingly. GCN2 is a key protein kinase within the eukaryotic proteome, and it is activated by a …
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Biochemical and physiological exploration of the nutrient sensing pathway upstream of mTORC1
… 2. What are the physiological functions of the nutrient sensing pathway? We identified SAMTOR as a previously uncharacterized protein that inhibits mTORC1 signaling by interacting with GATOR1, the GTPase activating protein (GAP) for RagA/B. The methyl donor Sadenosylmethionine (SAM) disrupts the …
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The upper small intestinal microbiota regulates nutrient sensing pathways to influence glucose homeostasis
… a significant microbial community. Indeed, nutrients that enter the upper small intestine activate negative feedback pathways to maintain glucose homeostasis. Interestingly, some nutrient sensing mechanisms are impaired in response to a high fat diet (HFD). However, whether HFD-induced …
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“Is Butter a Carb?” Neural mechanisms of nutrient-sensing and food reward in the human brain
Sensing the nutrient composition of a food and the processing of this information by the brain’s reward system to regulate food consumption are crucial biological needs. However, dysfunction in neural reward pathways may also lead to overconsumption of certain nutrients, contributing to obesity and …
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Regulation and roles of nutrient-dependent mitochondrial fusion
… to be regulated by MTORC1, a key regulator of nutrient-sensing signalling pathway. However, the mechanism linking MTORC1 and nutrient sensing to mitochondrial hyperfusion has not been fully elucidated.;This project aimed at studying mitochondrial remodelling during nutrient starvation. As a …
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Do Probiotics Protect Against the Deleterious Effects of a High-Fat Diet?
… levels of tight-junction proteins and markers of nutrient sensing were measured. To determine a possible protective effect against endogenous LPS, a second cohort of mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of 0.1µg/kg LPS or saline to induce endotoxemia after four weeks of the aforementioned …
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Autophagy in the developing Drosophila brain
… The location of various proteins involved in nutrient sensing and autophagic induction was also determined, and the reproducibility of manual image classification attempts was assessed using deep learning.
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The Impact Of Folate Restriction On Cancer And Aging: A Mechanistic Analysis
… and age related diseases. They impact a major nutrient sensing pathway, mTOR. mTOR signaling is altered in many cancers and its downregulation was shown to delay aging. Other interventions extend lifespan by altering the one carbon metabolism. In this study, we present folate restriction as a …
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Lysosomal nutrients and the mTORC1 pathway
… pathway is necessary. Most components of the nutrient-sensing machinery upstream of mTORC1 localize to the lysosomal surface, and amino acids generated by lysosomes regulate mTORC1 by promoting its translocation there, a key step in its activation. Activation of mTORC1 by the amino acid …
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Palmitoylation and the yeast casein kinase yck2
… including bud morphogenesis, cytokinesis, nutrient sensing, and receptor internalization. While the hydrophilic Yck2 is presumably synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes, it gains access to the membrane system by interaction with the six transmembrane-spanning Golgi-localized Akr1. Since …
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Genetic Mechanisms Responsible for Dietary Restriction Dependent Lifespan Extension in Drosophila Melanogaster: A Role for Muscle Tissue
… changes that occur are partially mediated by the nutrient sensing TOR pathway and its downstream signaling components, specifically the translational repressor, eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4E binding protein (4E-BP). Overexpression of constitutively active d4E-BP in the muscle tissue of …
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dLipin-A Link between Lipid Metabolism, Glucose Homeostasis and Growth in Drosophila melanogaster
… fashion. Furthermore, I found that the nutrient sensing complex TORC1 regulates dLipin activity in lipid metabolism by controlling dLipin's subcellular localization. Hence, the insulin pathway as well as the TORC1 pathway each appears to be a central regulator of dLipin activity and its …
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The metabolic sequelae of oesophago-gastric resection
… in profound changes in the handling of ingested nutrients. This results in significant morbidity after radical surgery for oesophago-gastric cancer, in particular post-prandial hypoglycaemia, altered appetite, early satiety and noxious post-prandial symptoms. By profiling and challenging the gut …
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The regulation of bacterial virulence by mucin glycans
… a glycoprotein that forms the mucus gel. Upon sensing the O-glycans displayed mucin, opportunistic pathogens can alter their gene expression, and are less likely to engage in virulence behaviors like biofilm formation and toxin production. Therefore, mucin gels can be considered a sophisticated …
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