Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 151 for “"Motor neurons"”.
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Guidance of Developing Motor Neurons into the Periphery
Motor neurons (MNs) are a diverse class of cells that originate in the central nervous system and project to muscles in the periphery. The development of all MNs subtypes begins with Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling in the spinal cord and then progresses to increasingly specific guidance signaling …
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Development of leg motor neurons in drosophila melanogaster
… flies walk and fly using legs and wings. Leg motor neurons control multi-jointed leg movement by coordinately regulating leg muscle contractions. With the aim of understanding how Drosophila leg motor neurons are specified, in Chapter One, I give a general introduction of the mechanisms that …
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Investigating mechanisms of biophysical diversity between phasic and tonic motor neurons
Neurons exhibit striking diversity in core neuronal properties (intrinsic biophysical and synaptic properties), which are the building blocks of brain function and computation. Despite the central role of these properties in brain function, the underlying molecular and biophysical mechanisms which …
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Biophysical Model of Retraction Motor Neurons and Their Modification by Operant Conditioning
… that contains a relatively small number of neurons. This CPG generates rhythmic motor patterns (BMPs) that move food into the gut by closing a tongue-like structure (i.e., radula) during the retraction phase of the BMP (Susswein and Byrne, 1988). Recent studies show that OC leads to …
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Unraveling the molecular mechanism underlying ALS-linked astrocyte toxicity for motor neurons
… which is characterized by a progressive loss of motor neurons. Studies in chimeric and conditional transgenic mutant SOD1 mice indicate that non-neuronal cells, such as astrocytes, play an important role in motor neuron degeneration. Consistent with this non-cell autonomous scenario are the …
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Regulation of voltage-gated K+ currents in motor neurons: activity-dependence and neuromodulation
… modulation of intrinsic properties of individual neurons, mediated by activity-dependent changes in the expression levels of voltage-gated ionic currents. Activity-dependent regulation of ionic currents is a mechanism by which electrical output of a neuron feeds back onto the expression of its own …
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Defining and Controlling the Subtype Identity of Human Stem Cell-Derived Motor Neurons
… tractable cellular potential as ES cells. In the motor neuron degenerative disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) spinal motor neurons innervating different types of muscles and individual muscle groups show selective vulnerability or resistance to disease. We therefore set out to define the …
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Changes in the Morphology of Hypoglossal Motor Neurons in the Brainstem of Developing Rats
… from higher CNS structures. Hypoglossal motoneurons (XII MNs) receive inputs from respiratory premotor neurons in the medulla. Previous studies in rodents have demonstrated significant changes in breathing control during the first three weeks of life, with a sensitive period at 10 to 13 days …
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Applications for human neural stem cell-derived motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Cell replacement therapy and disease modeling
… the selective degeneration of spinal and upper motor neurons. One approach in the development of therapies for ALS is to explore the potential of human fetal neural stem cells (hNSCs) to replace lost motor neurons. The therapeutic efficacy of stem cell transplantation would depend greatly on the …
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Characterization of spontaneous and evoked activity of mouse embryonic stem cell derived motor neurons using optogenetics and micro electrode array electrophysiology
… models that can recreate native function of neurons of the central nervous system while permitting researchers to have an easily accessible source of cellular building blocks. These models are particularly important for studies on neurological disorders aimed at understanding disease pathways …
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Role of Gigaxonin in the Regulation of Intermediate Filaments: a Study Using Giant Axonal Neuropathy Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Motor Neurons
… giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) exhibit loss of motor and sensory function and typically live for less than 30 years. GAN is caused by autosomal recessive mutations leading to low levels of gigaxonin, a ubiquitously-expressed cytoplasmic protein whose cellular roles are poorly understood. GAN …
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Positional Coordinates for Spinal Sensory-Motor Connectivity
… to be the positional and molecular identities of neurons. In many instances, the fine-grained precision of synaptic connectivity is thought to occur through a process of molecular recognition that depends on the interaction of complementary recognition molecules expressed on pre- and post-synaptic …
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Human Stem Cells for Modeling Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Disease Mechanisms and Modifiers
… is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of the motor system. Although ALS has been extensively studied in post-mortem patient samples and animal models, there are currently no very effective treatments and there is no cure. One reason for the lack of treatment options in ALS may stem from the …
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Neural basis of a visuo-motor transformation in the fly
How the outputs of populations of sensory neurons are used by motor systems to generate appropriate behaviour is a long standing question in neuroscience. I address this problem by studying a comparatively simple model system. In the fly, Neck Motor Neurons control gaze-stabilising head movements …
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The role of apoptosis in <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
… (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease leading to motor neurons death. Although many studies were performed, the aetiology and the features of cellular death occurring in ALS are poorly understood, and studies carried out from autoptic samples do not allow to clarify early events occurring in ALS. …
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Specific connectivity and molecular diversity of mouse rubrospinal neurons
… differentiation, and organization of the spinal motor system, the complex circuitry that is integrated to determine a motor behavior has yet to be fully understood. The activity of motor neurons is influenced by sensory feedback, excitatory and inhibitory interneurons, and supraspinal control …
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Lameness Associated with a Possible Neural Problem in the Lower Spinal Cord of Chickens, Gallus Gallus
… based upon behavioral observations of gait. Motor neurons in the lateral motor column of the lumbosacral region of birds in the neural associated lame group were observed to have changes in the perikarya of motor neurons. The lumbosacral segment 4 (LS 4) of the spinal cord was selected for …
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Microfluidic and optogenetic technologies to model spinal cord development and neuromuscular junction formation and function
Motor neurons located in the spinal cord and innervating muscle cells throughout the body are responsible for virtually all motor functions, from locomotion to respiration or speech. They arise from differentiation of progenitor cells within the neural tube under spatiotemporally well-defined …
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