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Showing 1 to 20 of 99 for “"Mismatch Repair"”.
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Investigating DNA remodeling in DNA mismatch repair
Many DNA metabolic pathways, including DNA repair, require the transmission of signals across long stretches of DNA or between DNA molecules. Solutions to this signaling challenge involve various mechanisms: protein factors can travel between these sites, loop DNA between sites, or form oligomers …
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The Crosstalk Between DNA Mismatch Repair and Replication
DNA replication fidelity relies on DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and the proofreading nuclease activity of DNA polymerases. Normally, biosynthetic errors can be removed by the polymerase's proofreading nuclease activity upon their incorporation, and those errors that have escaped the proofreading …
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Mechanism of Mismatch Repair Induced Mutagenesis in Somatic Hypermutation
… activation induced cytosine deaminase. Left unrepaired, G:U lesions will give rise to transition mutations at G:C base pairs, but are converted to transition and transversion mutations at G:C and A:T base pairs by the paradoxical participation of the base excision repair and mismatch repair …
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ANALYSIS OF HUMAN DNA MISMATCH REPAIR IN THE CHROMATIN ENVIRONMENT
Mismatch repair corrects errors made during DNA replication and inactive mismatch repair is associated with Lynch Syndrome and sporadic cancer. Genome replication in eukaryotes is accompanied by chromatin formation. The first step in chromatin establishment is nucleosome assembly, that starts with …
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Genomics of Lynch syndrome and Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome
Introduction: The mismatch repair system plays an important role in maintaining the genome integrity as it functions to correct mismatches during DNA replication. Heterozygous mutations in one of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes e.g. MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 cause the dominant adult cancer syndrome …
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Role of DNA Mismatch Repair in Disease-associated Trinucleotide Repeat Instability
… expansion requires the presence of functional mismatch repair (MMR) proteins. It is known that MMR efficiency is affected by the structure of the DNA lesion, leading to outcomes such as G-T mismatches being repaired more readily than C-C mismatches. It has also been demonstrated that the …
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Loss of Mismatch Repair in the Aging Human Hematopoietic Stem Cell
… genetic change, as a result of failed DNA damage repair, in the adult stem cell (ASC) population. The hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HPC) is a well characterized example of ASCs. In second and third chapters I show evidence of age related accumulated genetic instability and epigenetic loss of …
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Identification of proteins interacting with the human mismatch repair protein MLH1
Loss of expression of the human DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene, hMLH1, is seen in a number of tumour cell lines resistant to a variety of cytotoxic drugs. The aim of this study was to identify other proteins that interact with hMLH1 to attempt to further elucidate its role in MMR and the engagement …
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The Role of Arabidopsis thaliana Mismatch Repair Proteins in Meiotic Recombination
… from DNA double strand breaks, which are repaired using either sister or homologous chromatids as templates. When meiosis occurs in heterozygous (hybrid) organisms, interactions between homologous chromosomes have the potential to generate mismatched DNA structures. Several proteins with …
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THE DNA DAMAGE CHECKPOINT REGULATES MISMATCH REPAIR COMPLEXES DURING SINGLE STRAND ANNEALING PATHWAY
… to be particularly relevant because their repair is more difficult then other types of DNA damage, potentially leading to chromosome rearrangements and loss of genetic information. Cells evolved multiple pathways to repair DNA anomalies and maintain genome integrity. Moreover, eukaryotic …
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Attitudes to ward Updated Genetic Testing Among Patients With Unexplained Mismatch Repair Deficiency
… (IHC) staining of one or more mismatch repair (MMR) proteins without a causative germline mutation are said to have unexplained mismatch repair deficiency (UMMRD, also known as mutation-negative Lynch syndrome). Comprehensive genetic testing that could potentially further …
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Mismatch Repair Protein-Dependent Cytotoxic Signaling In Cells Treated With The Cancer Chemotherapeutic Cisplatin
Mismatch repair (MMR) proteins participate in cytotoxicity induced by specific genotoxic agents, including cisplatin (CDDP, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)), a cancer chemotherapeutic drug utilized clinically to treat a variety of malignancies. The MMR protein complex MutSα (consisting of the MSH2 …
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Mismatch Repair Deficient Neoantigen and Associated Circulating T-Cell Receptor Repertoires in Lynch Syndrome
… constitutes the perfect model to understand DNA mismatch repair deficient (MMRd) carcinogenesis, which underlies 15% of early-stage CRC. LS patients develop MMRd tumors with high loads of shared neoantigens (neoAgs), which are recognized by the immune system. Previous research has concentrated on …
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Transcription and mismatch repair in the mechanism of action of the anticancer drug cisplatin
… proficient and deficient in nucleotide excision repair allowed the examination of transcriptional bypass independent of excision repair for each platinum compound. A two to three fold higher level of transcription was observed in both cell lines from plasmids containing trans-DDP adducts as …
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Mismatch Repair Deficient Tumors Lacking Known Sporadic Causes: Are They All Due to Lynch Syndrome?
<p>BACKGROUND: Mismatch repair deficient (MMRD) colorectal (CRC) or endometrial (EC) cancers in the absence of <em>MLH1 </em>promoter hypermethylation and <em>BRAF</em> mutations are suggestive of Lynch syndrome (LS). Positive germline genetic test results confirm LS. It is unclear if individuals …
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Roles of RNA interference and DNA mismatch repair in maintaining genomic integrity in Cryptococcus pathogens
… stability are RNA interference (RNAi) and DNA mismatch repair (MMR). RNAi defends the host genome by targeting double-stranded viral RNAs and aberrant endogenous RNAs for degradation. Endogenous sources of aberrant RNAs include transcripts derived from transposable elements and repetitive …
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Visualizing the One-Dimensional Diffusion of DNA Mismatch Repair Proteins at the Single-Molecule Level
The eukaryotic post-replicative DNA mismatch repair pathway corrects mispaired bases that escape polymerase-proofreading machinery during DNA synthesis before the errors become permanently embedded in the genome. The initial steps in this essential pathway involve a series of specific target …
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AN EXAMINATION OF BINDING DIFFERENCES AMONG MISMATCH REPAIR RECOGNITION PROTEINS WITH MISMATCH AND CISPLATIN DAMAGED DNA
Mismatch repair is a major mechanism for the correction of replication errors in all organisms and increases the fidelity of DNA replication. Mismatch repair proteins have also demonstrated involvement in cellular response to the DNA damaging agent cisplatin. Cells deficient in mismatch repair have …
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